一种复杂系统风险概率评估方法

对有限样本条件下的复杂系统风险发生概率评估问题,提出了小样本评估小概率事件的建模方法,通过非线性函数逼近累积概率与临界参数极值之间的映射关系.建立了风险概率评估数学模型,通过非线性回归方法得到了风险概率评估基本模型.对原始数据在评估模型中产生的误差作为目标函数,建立概率评估优化模型.并采用改进遗传算法对分布参数进行优化计算.以飞行安全为例,实现了有限样本情况下的飞行风险概率的计算,并通过最优逼近函数提高了计算精度.      

对接口匹配的航天器双主动最优交会研究

研究了两航天器协同轨道机动（双主动）完成近距离交会任务的最优控制问题。在考虑航天器姿态变化、对接口位置及路径约束的情况下,构建了完整的6自由度、26状态的双主动最优交会数学模型。利用高斯伪谱法分别将燃料总消耗最少和交会时间最短两种最优问题离散为大型非线性规划问题,而后应用SNOPT软件包进行了求解。在此基础上通过大量数值计算分析总结了不同初始参数对最小燃料消耗和最短交会时间的影响规律,并与主被动交会形式进行了对比。结果表明,当两航天器质量接近时,双主动交会通常可明显减少燃料消耗,或缩短交会时间;而当质量差距较大时,双主动最优交会逐渐退化为主被动最优交会。     

费用约束下含应力优化的CSADT设计

恒定应力加速退化试验(CSADT,Constant Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing)方案中需要确定的变量有应力水平、各应力下样本量、监测间隔和各应力下监测次数.如何对CSADT的应力水平进行优化目前很少有人探讨.针对这一问题提出一种在费用约束下将上述4个变量进行综合优化的方法.首先用随机过程描述CSADT下产品的性能退化过程,然后以产品在使用条件下p分位寿命可靠度的渐近方差最小为目标,以试验费用不超过预算为约束条件,给出CSADT的4个优化变量,并给出应用该优化方法的仿真算例.最后,优化方案对模型参数偏差的敏感性分析表明,在一定偏差范围内优化结果具有良好的稳健性.      

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

基于序列二次规划的推力矢量控制分配方法

  针对使用推力矢量控制的航天器,建立了游动发动机的数学模型,在分析了游动发动机摆角约束的基础上,提出了推力矢量控制分配问题。将该控制分配问题转化成以力矩误差最小和对变轨推力影响最小作为优化目标的多目标优化问题,引入序列二次规划进行求解,得到一种新的控制分配方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确实现期望目标,验证了所提出的控制分配方法的可行性和有效性。     

航空液压壳体类零件数字化高效加工

随着科研项目的增多,原有模式下的生产成本和生产时间不断增加,尤其是交付时间很难保证.航空液压壳体类零件作为液压设备中的关键零件,对产品的总体功能和成本起着至关重要的作用.     

片光反射遮挡式超高速亚毫米粒子探测技术

为满足在超高速碰撞靶上开展航天器抗空间碎片防护性能试验,需要准确测量速度3～10km／s,以及更高速度的毫米级或亚毫米级粒子的飞行速度,在可以实现毫米级粒子探测的片光遮挡式粒子探测技术基础上发展了片光反射遮挡式粒子探测技术,通过采用提高粒子直径与激光光束宽度的比值,解决了探测粒子直径小于1mm时探测信号弱不能识别等关键技术,研制了试验装置并开展了验证试验,研究结果表明该技术在0．2～10km／s速度范围内可实现直径为0．1mm量级粒子的有效探测。     

基于商空间理论的模糊控制在航空相机中的应用

针对航空相机快速返回定位问题,应用商空间理论提出了一种快速无超调定位模糊控制算法。将位置偏差量模糊化．并根据模糊等价关系合并正规峰集,从而得到了不同粒度下的控制规则．系统通过不断改变粒度,采用粗拉度粗调,细粒度细调的方法,实现快速无超调定位。在模拟相机平台上采用3个粒度层,通过模糊规则调整模糊输出和PID控制器的积分时间实现最速控制、模糊控制和PID控制在不同粒度下的转换．实验结果表明此算法具有定位快、稳定精度高以及无超调等优点．     

Karman型四边夹紧正交异性矩形薄板的中等大挠度

利用Galerkin方法分析了Von-Karman型四边夹紧正交各向异性矩形板。所设的位移函数为梁振型函数，它不仅能精确地满足边界条件，而且具有正交的特性，从而把复杂的非齐次非线性偏微分方程组化为一组非线性代数方程组，通过非线性方程组的线性化和可调节参数的修正迭代解法找出问题的解。实践证明，梁振型函数收敛很快，只须取出级数的前几项即可满足精度要求。最后求出了不同复合材料的挠度和应力值并同已有的结果进行了比较。     

Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.