GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

全自动分蜜机运行中的避振PLC控制设计

由随机发生的严重布料不均匀引起的强烈机械振动难以用机械方法加以解决只能靠增加对机械振动强度的监测灵敏度。当振动强度超过一定值时，PLC控制程度执行一系列操作以保护机械系统和拖动电机的安全。因此设计并制作高灵敏度测振电路板对系统安全至关重要。本文详细描述了此电路板的设计和制作过程。该电路板对分蜜机有可靠的保护作用。     

Reliability design optimization of composite structures based on PSO together with FEA

The present work aims to develop a method for reliability-based optimum design of composite structures. A procedure combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and finite element analysis (FEA) has been proposed. Numerical examples for the reliability design optimization (RDO) of a laminate and a composite cylindrical shell are worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Then a design for composite pressure vessels is studied. The advantages and necessity of RDO over the conventional equi-strength design are addressed. Examples show that the proposed method has good stability and is efficient in dealing with the probabilistic optimal design of composite structures. It may serve as an effective tool to optimize other complicated structures with uncertainties.     

Mechanistic identification of cutting force coefficients in bull-nose milling process

An improved method to determine cutting force coefficients for bull-nose cutters is proposed based on the semi-mechanistic cutting force model. Due to variations of cutting speed along the tool axis in bull-nose milling, they affect coefficients significantly and may bring remarkable discrepancies in the prediction of cutting forces. Firstly, the bull-nose cutter is regarded as a finite number of axial discs piled up along the tool axis, and the rigid cutting force model is exerted. Then through discretization along cutting edges, the cutting force related to each element is recalculated, which equals to differential force value between the current and previous elements. In addition, coefficient identification adopts the cubic polynomial fitting method with the slice elevation as its horizontal axis. By calculating relations of cutting speed and cutting depth, the influences of speed variations on cutting force can be derived. Thereby, several tests are conducted to calibrate the coefficients using the improved method, which are applied to later force predictions. Eventually, experimental evaluations are discussed to verify the effectiveness. Compared to the conventional method, the results are more accurate and show satisfactory consistency with the simulations. For further applications, the method is instructive to predict the cutting forces in bull-nose milling with lead or tilt angles and can be extended to the selection of cutting parameters.     

旋转固体火箭发动机燃烧室内流场分析解

对带壁面质量注入的旋转通道(具有柱形装药旋转固体火箭发动机通道)内流场进行了研究。通过解析方法求解简化后的欧拉方程,获得了无粘情况下的旋转通道解析解。在此基础上,运用摄动法中的渐进展开匹配法求解引入粘性修正的切向动量方程,并获得解析解,表明切向速度分布解具有组合涡特征。分析了涡核半径与注入雷诺数及旋转转数的关系,得到了可压缩修正条件下的组合涡规律。     

铜颗粒污染物对变压器油运动黏度的影响

变压器油中铜颗粒污染物的存在极易影响油液的理化性能,甚至导致重大生产事故,因而根据ISO4406:1999标准,配制了24组不同污染度的含铜颗粒油样并通过实验测试了变压器油样的运动黏度性能（40℃）,获得了实验范围内铜颗粒污染度对油液运动黏度的影响规律;然后根据测试数据采用偏最小二乘（PLS）法和支持向量机（SVM）法建立了油样中不同粒径、含量的铜颗粒与油液运动黏度的数学模型,探讨了不同粒径、含量的铜颗粒污染物对油液运动黏度的影响规律。结果表明:随着铜颗粒污染度的增加,油液的运动黏度减小;铜颗粒污染物粒径在15～25 μm范围内对油液运动黏度的影响较大,且粒径越大,油液运动黏度也越大;所建立SVM模型对验证集进行预测的相关系数和均方根误差（RMSE）分别是0.962 6、4.597×10-5。为消除实验误差,减少人为因素的影响比较准确地掌握铜颗粒污染物对油液运动黏度的影响提供了新的途径。      

分布式非线性气动力模型弹性飞机动力学研究

建立了线性与非线性两种分布式气动力模型,在弹性飞机模型上添加所建立的气动力模型,验证了整个系统的有效性。对所建立的模型进行着陆及突风扰动动力学仿真,对比线性及非线性气动力模型的飞机动力学响应的差异,结果表明非线性气动力模型能够更合理地计算飞机大迎角状态下的气动载荷及动力学响应。     

槽道内涡波流场展向涡的分布特征

通过2DPIV测量了槽道内涡波流场的瞬态速度矢量场,利用雷诺分解和旋转强度的λci准则进行了展向涡的识别;并从识别的逆时针和顺时针展向涡的尺度属性、力学属性和运动属性方面分析了展向涡的分布特征。结果表明,流场中的顺时针展向涡的数量大于逆时针展向涡的数量;在法向位置0.05~0.45范围内,逆时针展向涡的旋转强度呈抛物线形状变化,顺时针展向涡整体呈下降趋势;逆时针展向涡的平均直径和椭圆平均长轴长度随着法向位置的增加而缓慢增加,而顺时针展向涡趋于下降;逆时针展向涡的椭圆长轴倾角最大值为67.28°,顺时针展向涡的等效椭圆的离心率呈下降趋势,似圆性较好;逆时针展向涡对全局平均的〈vωz〉分量在法向位置0.15处出现最大值61%;展向涡对流场雷诺应力的影响较小;逆时针展向涡的数量密度在0~0.08法向位置范围内呈急剧上升趋势,并达到最大值0.36,顺时针展向涡数量密度整体呈倒U形分布;不同旋向的展向涡占总展向涡数量密度的比值都大于0.3;展向涡的流向对流速度整体上小于流场的平均速度,且在槽道中心区域差值较大;展向涡的法向对流速度随着法向距离增加,从负值上升到正值,在中心主流两侧分别发生喷射和扫掠2种现象。     

空间核电推进系统比质量优化建模及其木星探测应用分析

空间核电推进(Nuclear Electric Propulsion,NEP)系统是一种将核热能转换成电能,并驱动大功率电推力器而产生推力的革命性空间推进技术。和传统推进技术相比,NEP具有高比冲、大功率、长寿命等技术优势,非常适合未来大规模深空探测任务。基于NEP系统组成和小推力轨道理论,建立了以有效载荷为目标的NEP系统比质量优化模型。该模型能够解析NEP航天器的轨道运行时间、比质量、功率与有效载荷比的复杂耦合关系,为任务优化提供了计算依据。最后,利用该模型对NEP系统完成NASA "Juno号"航天任务进行了技术指标评估分析。计算表明,当NEP系统比质量达到4.8 kg/kWe时,其能将"Juno号"航天任务的地木转移时间由2 266 d缩短至665 d,有效载荷由160 kg提高到1 179 kg,极大地提高了航天器的探测能力,为任务方案的可行性论证和后续设计提供参考。     

LOX/LCH_4变推力发动机技术初步研究

对国内外变推力发动机和LOX/LCH4发动机的研究进展进行了总结,在此基础上,提出了一种LOX/LCH4变推力发动机系统方案。在深入分析的基础上,对此方案进行了功率平衡和推力室传热计算,结果表明该系统方案完全能够实现10:1推力变比。LOX/LCH4变推力发动机可以广泛应用于多种运载器和航天器中,对我国探月及后续的载人登月工程均可以提供技术支持,对LOX/LCH4发动机的技术发展和未来的载人登陆火星等任务都具有深远影响。