C语言开发数字飞行控制系统软件

为跟踪90年代采用高级语言开发飞控实时控制软件的总趋势,本文以C语言开发某直升机数字飞行控制系统控制律为例,对高级语言开发实时飞控软件作了初步探讨,叙述了方法步骤、仿真验证手段及其结论。     

测量管内沸腾汽液两相流动沿程“流型”的新方法

本文根据管内沸腾汽液两相流动沿程“流型”不断变化的特点,提出用移动式电导探针对沿全流程的“流型”进行测量,实验结果证明这种方法是可行的,且与计算结果相当吻合。并整理得出环状流起始点计算的经验公式。此方法可用于其他管内汽液两相流动的“流型”测量。     

硬式空中加油机发展趋势及设计技术分析

空中加油技术在一定程度上体现了一国空军实力,该技术一直受到广泛关注。本文综述了硬式空中 加油机的发展情况,提出了硬式空中加油机的划代概念。结合五代空中加油机的特点和性能,给出硬式空中加油机的主要技术特征,指出硬式空中加油技术的发展趋势,总结出硬式加油装置研究的总体布局设计技术、结构和机构设计技术、控制系统设计技术等关键技术,为未来装备变革提供技术支撑。     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

基于CCSDS的低码率图像压缩优化算法

为了提高空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）采用的图像压缩算法的编码效率,提出了一种二维预测模型。通过利用图像像素之间的空间相关性对直流系数的预测模式及其熵编码算法进行改进和优化,该算法在有效地提高了直流系数的压缩比的同时,也增强了其抗误码性能。试验结果表明,该算法在低码率条件下能获得更好的图像编码质量,与CCSDS原有算法相比,峰值信噪比值提高了0.1~0.3dB。算法可极大地满足星载图像压缩数据在低码率下传输的要求。     

功率组件基于等离子清洗的免钎剂真空软钎焊技术

为解决功率电子产品中陶瓷电路板与热沉载体功率组件焊接效率低、空洞率高等问题,对焊接过程中的焊料类型,真空度以及空洞率进行了研究,提出了一种新的免钎剂真空焊接方法。研究结果表明,使用等离子清洗的焊片可显著提高抽真空速率,并减少气泡,降低空洞率;采用新焊接方法得到的试样空洞率低、焊接效率高、质量一致性好,可用于高可靠性功率电子产品中。     

高效加工技术的应用

介绍了高效加工技术的概念,从机床、刀具、切削参数等几个方面分析了提高金属去除率的不同加工案例的特点,并结合高效加工工艺,用具体实例阐述了高效加工技术在航天制造领域的应用情况。     

发动机阀座组件软钎焊工艺研究

研究了某型号发动机阀座组件的软钎焊制造工艺难题,并针对LF6阀座LD10法兰盘与00Cr17Ni14Mo2波纹管钎焊试验过程进行分析,最终确定了影响阀座组件钎焊质量的生产工艺机理。创新改进、优化控制后,突破了生产技术制造瓶颈,使产品合格率大幅度提高,保证了高密度发射批产的需求。     

深空自主着陆导航技术研究与展望

随着深空探测活动范围的快速扩大,探测器需要在天体实施着陆与返回,因此对导航技术的自主性和精度要求越来越高。提出一种基于视觉/惯性的组合导航系统,该系统的计算机视觉模块采用SURF算法,不仅可以实时地确定探测器的位置,而且能够确定探测器的姿态;惯性导航模块实时获取探测器的位置、速度和姿态信息;组合导航系统采用Kalman滤波技术,将计算机视觉模块和惯性导航模块获取的位置、姿态信息进行组合。该组合导航系统将惯导系统与视觉系统信息融合,通过引入计算机视觉系统所获得的位置和姿态信息,可以有效减小惯导系统误差。仿真结果证明,这种组合导航系统能够有效提高系统导航精度。文中还展望了深空探测器天体着陆导航技术未来的发展趋势。