Semidetached systems: Evolutionary viewpoints and observational constraints

The present knowledge on the evolution of semidetached systems is reviewed. Characteristics of observed systems are discussed and general properties tested by the behaviour of theoretical models. New models of mass accreting companion stars are computed. The accretion phase is divided into a fast and slow phase with an accretion rate depending on the initial mass of the mass losing star and on the initial mass ratio, assuming the systems are undergoing a case B of mass transfer. The results are compared with observed systems with masses of the gainers located within the theoretical range. Up to now no computations exist for the evolution of medium mass close binaries including overshooting of the convective core. However some of the influences of extended convective mixing on the interaction of close binaries are investigated. A larger probability for the occurrence of case A of mass exchange and a larger remnant mass at the end of the process are the most important results. Finally the investigation into the origin of individual systems (in mass, mass ratio and period) is discussed, showing that progress both in observations and in theoretical models result in a more detailed and more restricted determination of the initial parameters of the individual systems.Research associate, NFWO, Belgium.     

Deep space environments for human exploration.

Mission scenarios outside the Earth's protective magnetic shield are being studied. Included are high usage assets in the near-Earth environment for casual trips, for research, and for commercial/operational platforms, in which career exposures will be multi-mission determined over the astronaut's lifetime. The operational platforms will serve as launching points for deep space exploration missions, characterized by a single long-duration mission during the astronaut's career. The exploration beyond these operational platforms will include missions to planets, asteroids, and planetary satellites. The interplanetary environment is evaluated using convective diffusion theory. Local environments for each celestial body are modeled by using results from the most recent targeted spacecraft, and integrated into the design environments. Design scenarios are then evaluated for these missions. The underlying assumptions in arriving at the model environments and their impact on mission exposures within various shield materials will be discussed.     

Deep and Shallow Solid-Earth Structures Reconstructed with Sequential Integrated Inversion (SII) of Seismic and Gravity Data

In this paper, the possibility of using simultaneously seismic and gravity data, for the reconstruction of solid-Earth structures, has been investigated through the use of an algorithm which allows joint efficient and reliable optimisation of compressional velocity and mass density parameters. We view the measured data as a realisation of a stochastic process generated by the physical parameters to be sought and we construct a “probability density function” which includes three kinds of information: information derived from gravity measurements; information derived from seismic travel time inversion and information on the physical correlation among density and velocity parameters. We show that combining data has a beneficial effect on the inversion since: it makes the problem more stable and as a consequence, providing that the quality of data is sufficiently high, enables more accurate and reliable reconstruction of the unknown parameters. In this context, we look forward the GOCE mission, which promises high spatial resolution (100–200 km) and accurate (1–2 mGals) gravity data. We show results obtained from data sets calculated for a lateral inhomogeneous earth synthetic model and from seismic and gravity field data analysed: — in the framework of TOMOVES (TOMOgraphy of Mt. VESuvius) experiment, an European project aiming at reconstructing the 3-D image of Mt. Vesuvius volcano and the crust underneath. using high resolution seismic tomography techniques and other geophysical methods; — for a profile inserted in a project aiming at reconstructing the crustal structure between Corsica and the Northern Appennines which crosses the Ligurian Sea and cuts the Ligurian Appennines W of La Spezia, extending up to Parma. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热数值研究

通过三维数值模拟的方法研究了射流孔交错偏置排布下的楔形凹表面对流换热,在射流孔偏置间距比（L/d）为0~2.5、射流孔距凹腔前缘间距比（H/d）为6~12、射流冲击雷诺数（Re）为10000~28000的研究参数下,研究结果表明射流孔交错偏置排布在凹腔中诱导复杂的涡流,对应于射流冲击驻点区的局部表面传热系数得到增强;相对于直线排布的射流孔,小射流孔交错偏距比能够使得凹腔前缘附近沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数相对射流孔直线排布方式有所改善,随着射流孔交错偏距比增加,沿弦向的展向平均努塞尔数最大值所对应的弦向位置逐渐向凹腔前缘下游迁移.为了在保持凹腔前缘对流换热能力不受到显著削弱的前提下,改善凹腔前缘附近的射流冲击对流换热能力,射流孔交错偏距比宜选择在1倍射流孔直径左右.      

光滑楔形通道径向末端射流冲击冷却换热特性研究

为了研究在旋转状态下射流冲击冷却在楔形通道径向末端的冷却效果,在主流通道进口雷诺数为15000、旋转数为0或0.1的工况下,实验研究了不同射流孔位置、射流流量条件下的楔形通道沿程壁面换热规律。研究结果表明:射流孔附近的通道壁面换热系数被极大地增强,但冷却效果被限制在一定范围内;射流对通道内侧的影响范围要大于中部和外侧,但增大射流流量并不会增加内侧的换热系数;旋转工况下,射流影响区的换热对比静止基本上没有变化;在本实验工况下,射流不能强化沿通道径向射流孔后侧位置的换热;不同工况下的通道整体平均换热在10%以内,末端射流冲击对通道整体换热影响有限。     

国产超薄铝蜂窝芯材在太阳翼基板的应用

针对太阳翼基板国产高性能低密度超薄铝蜂窝的自主可控需求,开展分析和试验,验证国产超薄铝蜂窝芯材应用于太阳翼基板的技术可行性。首先建立有限元模型进行准静态载荷分析,基板蜂窝芯子最大横向剪切应力为0.345 MPa,小于剪切强度0.36 MPa,满足强度裕度要求。其次,针对目前超薄蜂窝研制批次稳定性较差、剪切模量波动性较大的问题,对蜂窝剪切模量波动对基板力学性能的影响进行分析,结果表明,基板应力应变分布水平对剪切模量变化不敏感,蜂窝剪切模量降低50%后,基板蒙皮碳纤维最大应变减小3%,蜂窝芯子最大横向剪切应力减小9%,基板最大位移增加7%,可为蜂窝评估提供数据支撑。最后,开展基板缩比件和全尺寸基板的力、热试验,试验后基板未发生损伤。分析和试验结果表明：国产超薄铝蜂窝芯材性能满足要求,可在太阳翼基板上应用。     

高空台动静架连接新型篦齿密封结构封严特性研究

针对高空模拟试车台动静架连接处气体泄漏问题,开展基于中段进气的新型篦齿密封结构优化设计与封严特性的数值模拟与试验研究。设计了新型篦齿密封结构,选取篦齿齿尖厚、齿根厚及后倾角为参数变量,泄漏量为优化目标函数,根据Box-Behnken方法设计的样本点和数值计算结果建立二阶响应面模型,开展新型篦齿密封结构泄露特性数值模拟与优化研究,并通过实验进行验证。研究表明,实验结果与有限元计算结果误差不超过10％,验证了数值模型的准确性;通过优化设计与分析,新型篦齿连接结构泄漏量降低12.5％,使得该结构更容易实现最优的封严效果。新型篦齿密封结构封严特性较初始结构提高99.2％,消除了由连接处泄漏带来的附加阻力695.2N。本研究对改进现有高空台动静架连接篦齿密封结构,提升其试验台推力测量的准确性具有重要作用。     

高比冲双组元液体远地点火箭发动机研究

综述了国内外研制的双组元液体远地点火箭发动机的性能、特点和发展趋势。在分析了液体远地点发动机提高比冲的各种技术途径后，提出可通过改进喷注器设计、减少边区液膜冷却流量、采用扰流环二次燃烧和使用新型耐更高温材料等措施，以提高远地点发动机的比冲。     

喷管性能计算的软件实现

基于化学平衡和化学动力学理论，用C^ 和FORTRAN编写了液体火箭发动机喷管性能一维计算软件，软件建立了相关的推进剂数据和化学反应数据库，使计算很简便，针对某型号发动机进行计算，得到了特定条件下发动机的性能参数和化学动力学损失等。