网络化飞行器执行机构故障自适应容错控制

针对存在随机短时延和外部干扰的网络化飞行器执行机构故障问题,提出了一种自适应容错控制方法。首先利用扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)对系统不确定性进行估计,并构建了自抗扰控制器对不确定性进行补偿。在此基础上,设计了一种基于跟踪误差的自适应容错控制方法。当执行机构发生未知故障后执行机构指令能自适应逼近设计值,使得重构的控制系统精确跟踪参考模型。最后利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了闭环控制系统的有界稳定。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude

This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms.     

气相色谱法测定偏二甲肼成分误差分析

气相色谱法测定偏二甲肼成分含量的过程中,人为因素、偏二甲肼的物理化学性能、色谱工作站参数设定等都会对测定的准确性产生影响。文章对各方面的影响因素进行了分析,并有针对性地提出了解决办法。     

一种小型化铷光谱灯的设计

光谱灯的小型化是谱灯抽运被动型铷原子频标小型化的关键之一。分别对光谱灯的机械结构、热结构、电磁结构和电路结构进行了分析、仿真和优化,并改进设计了一种小型化的铷光谱灯,经过测试取得了比较理想的结果,其主要性能指标如下：体积〈14mL,灯温〈115℃,激励电流〈80mA,光漂移〈1·10^-4／d,光温度系数〈1·10^-3／℃。此小型化的铷光应谱灯已应用于小型化铷原子频标中。     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

Control of Lunar and Martian dust--experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China

Studies on the colonization of environmentally extreme ground surfaces were conducted in a Mars-like desert area of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, with microalgae and cyanobacteria. We collected and mass-cultured cyanobacterial strains from these regions and investigated their ability to form desert crusts artificially. These crusts had the capacity to resist sand wind erosion after just 15 days of growth. Similar to the surface of some Chinese deserts, the surface of Mars is characterized by a layer of fine dust, which will challenge future human exploration activities, particularly in confined spaces that will include greenhouses and habitats. We discuss the use of such crusts for the local control of desert sands in enclosed spaces on Mars. These experiments suggest innovative new directions in the applied use of microbe-mineral interactions to advance the human exploration and settlement of space.     

剪切稠化流体（n=2）环管层流运动分析

从非牛顿流体运动微分方程式出发,利用积分、级数展开和数值计算方法,对剪切稠化流体（n=2）在环形通道中的流动进行了分析和计算,推出了该流体在环形通道中流动的速度、流量、平均速度和平均应变速度等关系式,绘制了几种不同R1／R2比值条件下的流体在管道横断面上的速度分布图,讨论了压力降与流量、速度与环管半径之间的关系,为工程计算提供了可靠的理论依据。     

一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计

为提高钢筋生产过程中的安全性和可靠性,提供了一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计,包括PLC控制单元、行走伺服电机、弯曲伺服电机、电磁阀、气缸、信号采集单元及触摸屏。信号采集单元包括光电开关、磁性开关及钢筋弯曲设备的开关按钮。该伺服电机控制设计通过PLC控制器运动控制技术及数据处理技术实现设备的全数字化控制,通过伺服控制技术实现设备的精准高效的运动及生产节能,从而实现系统操作界面更人性化、操作简单快捷、钢筋弯曲准确、生产效率高、节能,同时也大大降低了工人的劳动强度及废品率,进而降低了生产成本。     

修正极坐标系下雷达与ESM航迹对准关联

研究了存在系统误差时修正极坐标系(MPC)下的雷达与电子支援措施(ESM)航迹关联问题。系统误差导致MPC下雷达和ESM的角度估计产生偏移,而对角度变化率、距变率与距离的比值(ITG)的估计影响不大;结合非中心卡方分布的知识,分析了雷达与ESM的测量误差对非中心参数和正确关联概率的影响;提出了一种基于积分重合度的雷达与ESM航迹对准关联算法。首先将雷达与ESM的目标映射到角度-角度变化率空间,分别得到了雷达与ESM的目标曲线,然后对两目标曲线求积分重合度,估计出雷达与ESM测角系统误差的偏移量,对偏移量补偿后进行雷达与ESM的航迹关联。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能有效地提高存在系统误差时雷达与ESM正确航迹关联概率。     

共轴反转直升机传动系统构型现状

共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机由共轴反转的两幅旋翼实现悬停和爬升,由尾推进桨实现高速前飞,旋翼不需要倾转,相对倾转式旋翼机可靠性更高,具有较好的发展前景.共轴反转传动系统是共轴刚性旋翼高速直升机的关键传动部件.本文分析了共轴反转传动系统构型原理;针对共轴反转输出功能需求,将共轴反转传动系统分为以圆柱齿轮为基础、以锥齿轮为基础、...