跨飞行器金属舱壁无线无源烧损传感技术

无线无源传感技术作为适应恶劣工作环境的重要手段，在飞行器防热层烧损监测应用中仍然面临无源信息无法跨越金属机体的困难。提出一种基于声学能量耦合与电路熔断相结合的防热层烧损无源监测新方法。阐述了该方法的原理、实现方案，并对跨越金属介质获得防热层内埋熔丝状态信息的关键原理进行了实验验证，结果表明该方法能有效穿透典型厚度铝合金舱壁，在25 ℃–85 ℃的温度范围内均可有效辨识检测信号的变化，并且能有效避免强震动环境影响。方法避免了对金属机体结构件的开孔和破坏，可用于对高速飞行器、再入航天器和新一代空天往返运输系统防热层的在线健康监测。     

基于Windows平台的嵌入式仿真适配技术研究

嵌入式操作系统因其强大的实时性能而被广泛采用,特别是在需要实时通信和任务处理的大型系统中。然而嵌入式操作系统的高价格和不友好的用户界面限制了应用范围。作为一种发展趋势,在通用桌面操作系统(如Windows和Linux)上构建实时应用程序、充分利用其友好的图形用户界面、具备良好的多任务处理性能和出色的硬件兼容性对提高普通桌面操作系统的实时性具有重要意义。在Windows系统上进行实时扩展,以改进其调度和任务处理兼容性。实验结果表明,该扩展对任务处理有很好的效果,可满足应用程序的实时性要求。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

面向激光焊接缺陷识别的可解释性深度学习方法

激光焊接在航空领域具有广泛的应用场景,基于视觉的激光焊接缺陷识别对于产品质量的提高至关重要。针对当前基于深度学习的激光焊接缺陷识别方法存在可解释性差的问题,提出了一种融合多尺度特征的类激活映射(MSF-CAM)方法。在训练阶段,以VGG16为骨架模型并将监督信息施加于多个尺度以促进模型对多尺度特征的学习。在测试阶段,对输出类别在多个尺度上的激活图进行叠加,并以此作为模型的判断依据。多尺度特征的融入不但增强了模型的可解释性,而且还提高了激光焊接缺陷识别的准确性。试验结果表明：MSF-CAM在测试集上的准确率为98.12%,识别单幅图像耗时8.28 ms。此外,MSF-CAM可以从边缘、轮廓这种初级特征的角度对模型的决策依据提供人类更容易理解的解释。     

锥柱型装药固体火箭发动机两相内流场中颗粒运动的数值模拟

研究锥柱型装药固体火箭发动机(SRM)燃烧室和喷管的内流场具有重要的工程意义。针对某型发动机各工作时间下的不同情况,采用高雷诺数下的k-ε湍流模型和欧拉-拉格朗日两相流模型,用全速度SIMPLE方法对方程组进行求解,并用PSIC气固耦合计算方法,对其内流场进行了三维两相一体化计算。最后给出了流场内部分颗粒运动的轨迹图像及颗粒与壁面碰撞的一般规律。在不同的时间下,不同尺寸的颗粒会撞击壁面不同的位置,但主要集中在壳体与喷管的相接部分和喷管的收敛段。局部的旋涡也会对颗粒的运动以及颗粒的碰撞沉积、聚集等造成较大影响。     

Rankine涡作用下激波变形和分叉的数值研究

数值模拟了激波和Rankine涡相互作用,重点研究了波涡相互作用引起的激波结构的变化过程.应用非结构化适应网格下的二阶精度Godunov型的PLM格式来求解Euler方程,对一平面激波与不同涡强Rankine涡相互作用下瞬态激波的运动、发展进行了研究.漩涡与激波间相对强度的大小对激波结构的影响明显,弱相互作用诱导激波变形,强相互作用诱导激波变形并产生分叉.计算结果表明,应用非结构化适应网格的PLM格式所得到的数值解较好地反映了瞬态激波结构的有关特征和信息.     

非线性系统的块对角控制器设计及其应用

定义了非线性系统的块对角模型；根据奇异摄动理论，将模型受控变量以时间尺度基准进行分离，形成慢变快变等结构。所设计的控制系统呈多环结构，每一层子系统(外环层)期望的稳定输入信号做为内环层的期望输出，该期望输入信号满足所设计的该层Lyapunov函数稳定要求，层层递推，最终设计出非线性系统的稳定化控制规律。若存在零动态，则其应稳定；设计的结果已经被一战术导弹的数学仿真所证明。     

大气层外动能拦截器顺轨拦截技术研究

研究了轨拦截的概念和基本特点。文章通过对逆轨拦截、追击方式和顺轨拦截的速度约束分析了顺轨拦截的可行性;通过对顺轨方式和逆轨方式进行了对比分析与仿真计算,可知顺轨方式在修正横向偏差能力以及末制导过程中需用过载等方面具有一定的优势。     

Simulation and experimental investigation on a dynamic lateral flow mode in trepanning electrochemical machining

An appropriate flow mode of electrolyte has a positive effect on process efficiency, surface roughness, and machining accuracy in the electrochemical machining(ECM) process. In this study, a new dynamic lateral flow mode, in which the electrolyte flows from the leading edge to the trailing edge, was proposed in trepanning ECM of a diffuser. Then a numerical model of the channel was set up and simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The result showed that the distribution of the flow field was comparatively uniform in the inter-electrode gap. Furthermore, a fixture was designed to realize this new flow mode and then corresponding experiments were carried out. The experimental results illustrated that the feeding rate of the cathode reached 2 mm/min, the best taper angle was about 0.4°, and the best surface roughness was up to Ra= 0.115 lm. It reflects that this flow mode is suitable and effective, and can also be applied to machining other complex structures in trepanning ECM.     

γ–TiAl金属间化合物加工的国内外研究现状

介绍了γ–TiAl金属间化合物的主要特点。塑韧性较差、导热率较低等特点是导致加工γ–TiAl时切削温度高、切削力大和加工表面质量差的主要因素。从工具寿命、加工效率和加工表面质量等几方面对γ–TiAl金属间化合物的典型机械加工和特种加工方法进行了总结。认为磨削、高速铣削和电解加工是现阶段加工γ–TiAl比较适用的加工方法,但仍缺乏能兼顾效率、成本和表面质量的加工工艺。