当代现役战斗机技术现状

介绍了世界现役主要军用作战飞机的技术特点,分析了各种飞机目前的发展现状、改进情况以及市场销售前景。     

综合导航—地形跟踪／地形回避系统

文章有助于解决地形跟踪飞行怎样更可靠,并且最理想,即：相对于地形,实际飞行更平稳,文中所讨论的系统的主要信息源是飞机上的地形数据库,飞越区域的高度值连贯地存储其中。对系统进行了描述,包括监视功能,开发了造于现代航空电子系统结构的组合导航,地形跟踪／形回避飞行控制系统的硬件和软件。     

美俄下一代战略轰炸机技术方案分析

根据美国和俄罗斯新一代战略轰炸机的论证过程,分析了驱动战略轰炸机不断发展的主要因素和新一代战略轰炸机的作战需求。美俄新一代战略轰炸机都采用了亚声速飞翼布局的多用途武器运载平台,但其设计考虑有所不同,美国突出网络中心战能力,而俄罗斯强调飞机自身的隐身能力。美国和俄罗斯战略轰炸机技术方案的选择均有其军事战略、技术水平、经济实力、工业基础等方面的现实考虑。     

Spherule beds 3.47-3.24 billion years old in the Barberton Greenstone Belt,South Africa: a record of large meteorite impacts and their influence on early crustal and biological evolution

Four layers, S1-S4, containing sand-sized spherical particles formed as a result of large meteorite impacts, occur in 3.47-3.24 Ga rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Ir levels in S3 and S4 locally equal or exceed chondritic values but in other sections are at or only slightly above background. Most spherules are inferred to have formed by condensation of impact-produced rock vapor clouds, although some may represent ballistically ejected liquid droplets. Extreme Ir abundances and heterogeneity may reflect element fractionation during spherule formation, hydraulic fractionation during deposition, and/or diagenetic and metasomatic processes. Deposition of S1, S2, and S3 was widely influenced by waves and/or currents interpreted to represent impact-generated tsunamis, and S1 and S2 show multiple graded layers indicating the passage of two or more wave trains. These tsunamis may have promoted mixing within a globally stratified ocean, enriching surface waters in nutrients for biological communities. S2 and S3 mark the transition from the 300-million-year-long Onverwacht stage of predominantly basaltic and komatiitic volcanism to the late orogenic stage of greenstone belt evolution, suggesting that regional and possibly global tectonic reorganization resulted from these large impacts. These beds provide the oldest known direct record of terrestrial impacts and an opportunity to explore their influence on early life, crust, ocean, and atmosphere. The apparent presence of impact clusters at 3.26-3.24 Ga and approximately 2.65-2.5 Ga suggests either spikes in impact rates during the Archean or that the entire Archean was characterized by terrestrial impact rates above those currently estimated from the lunar cratering record.     

横向不稳定性的试飞评估

在研发F／A-18E／F“超级大黄蜂”的一次飞行试验过程中,当进行跨音速机动时飞机遇到了非指令滚转运动。被称为“翼下冲”的急剧大幅度横向不稳定现象削弱了飞行员在此飞行条件下有效执行空一空跟踪任务的能力。对前缘襟翼的一系列修改和在机翼折叠区域增加透气量解决了该问题。然而,由于缺乏与计算流体力学、风洞和试飞分析有关的确认品质因数,获得该答案是缓慢的。目前已经开发了一种利用试飞数据评估横向不稳定性的方法。横向不稳定性评估包括定性和定量两个方面的评价。飞行员进行定性评价,而定量评价是基于对滚转速度、滚转加速度、横向驾驶杆位置和倾斜角的分析。这项技术提供一种根据飞行试验可靠评估横向不稳定性程度的途径。在飞行员定性评价和定量的试飞数据评估之间取得了极好的相关性。     

The impact crater as a habitat: effects of impact processing of target materials

Impact structures are a rare habitat on Earth. However, where they do occur they can potentially have an important influence on the local ecology. Some of the types of habitat created in the immediate post-impact environment are not specific to the impact phenomenon, such as hydrothermal systems and crater lakes that can be found, for instance, in post-volcanic environments, albeit with different thermal characteristics than those associated with impact. However, some of the habitats created are specifically linked to processes of impact processing. Two examples of how impact processing of target materials has created novel habitats that improve the opportunities for colonization are found in the Haughton impact structure in the Canadian High Arctic. Impact-shocked rocks have become a habitat for endolithic microorganisms, and large, impact-shattered blocks of rock are used as resting sites by avifauna. However, some materials produced by an impact, such as melt sheet rocks, can make craters more biologically depauperate than the area surrounding them. Although there are no recent craters with which to study immediate post-impact colonization, these data yield insights into generalized mechanisms of how impact processing can influence post-impact succession. Because impact events are one of a number of processes that can bring localized destruction to ecosystems, understanding the manner in which impact structures are recolonized is of ecological interest. Impact craters are a universal phenomenon on solid planetary surfaces, and so they are of potential biological relevance on other planetary surfaces, particularly Mars.     

波音7E7与波音777飞机技术特点对比分析

文章介绍了波音777飞机和波音7E7飞机两种型号的技术特点，并分析波音7E7飞机的主要技术进步和新一代客机的技术方向。     

美俄作战飞机的改进现状

主要介绍了美国与俄罗斯现役军用飞机的改进情况。     

考虑气动不确定性的鲁棒机翼颤振抑制

对一柔性机翼颤振抑制的鲁棒控制律设计用作考虑频域气动不确定性的鲁棒气动侍服弹性稳定性分析，提出用最小控制功率使机翼稳定的问题。因此，在鲁棒闭环稳定约束情况下把数字优化用于简单低阶控制装置的范数最小化。通过对结构奇异值的上界和从线性稳定性分析得到的特征值提出约束，在优化问题上强制鲁棒稳定性，用增益调度综合得到的控制装置，并在风洞实验中演示了鲁棒机翼颤振抑制。