Ground experiments of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar

The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) is an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array-based Ground penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the lander of Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The primary scientific objectives of the LRPR are to probe the thickness and structure of lunar regolith of the landing site, and support the drilling and sampling process. In order to evaluate the performance of the LRPR, a series of ground experiments are performed using the LRPR prototype mounted on a CE-5 lander model. The performance of the LRPR is evaluated by comparing the experimental data with the simulated data. Data processing and imaging method are verified, and the interferences from the lander and other aspects are analyzed. The results of the ground experiments and simulation demonstrate that the LRPR is able to meet the design requirement of 2-m detection depth. They also indicate that the upper and lower interfaces of the stratified structure in the lunar regolith can be well distinguished by the LRPR when the dielectric constant difference is greater than 0.3, and the imaging effect of the location under the dense antennas is better than that of other positions. However, the identification capability of the LRPR to the independent blocky objects is relatively poor mainly due to the clutters caused by the lander, the sparsity of the antenna elements compared to the size of the basalt block, the limited aperture of the antenna array, and the tail of the transmitted waveform.     

Interference torque of a three-floated gyroscope with gas-lubricated bearings subject to a sudden change of the specific force

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of a sudden change of the specific force on a three-floated gyroscope with a rotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings.The interference torque is calculated to evaluate the influence by modeling the transient behavior of the rotor-bearing system. In combination with dynamic equations of the rotor displacement,the Reynolds equation is solved on the surface of spiral-grooved conical bearings. It is assumed that a steady state has been obtained with a constant specific force, and then the specific force is suddenly changed and maintained constant after that. Responses of the sudden change are obtained by solving the equations. Numerical results show that the direction of the sudden change of the specific force is the main factor which influences the interference torque curve. With a sudden change along the input direction, the interference torque fluctuation has a constant frequency and a decreasing amplitude. With a sudden change along the output direction, the interference torque fluctuates in a small range. With a sudden change along the spin direction, the change of the interference torque combines a fluctuation and a gradually-changing quasi-equilibrium value. This study provides a supplement to the steady-state error model of the three-floated gyroscope.     

低轨卫星缺失时序数据的模式识别方法

在航天应用中，低轨卫星经常会由于原始数据缺失而影响卫星时序数据模式识别结果，降低准确率。针对该问题提出了一种新型MR-GRU模型，可有效处理缺失时序数据，并获得较好的模式识别准确率。区别于传统模型的补全缺失数据的方法，MR-GRU模型直接在缺失时序数据上运用循环神经网络进行训练，对传统门控循环单元结构进行了改进，增加了两个新变量：掩蔽项和衰减项。掩蔽项作用于输入，衰减项作用于输入和隐层单元输出。MR-GRU模型不仅能够保持时序数据固有的时间特性，还能有效提高模式识别精度。在卫星时序数据上的模式识别试验表明，MR-GRU模型准确率优于传统模型。     

高能(450 kV)X射线参考辐射场附加过滤研究

利用MCNP程序对450kV X光机建立模型，计算各参考辐射质下的原级谱、平均光子能量。对ISO 4037-1中已有范围的管电压与附加过滤片厚度关系曲线进行二次拟合，确定模拟厚度范围。利用MCNP计算各附加过滤组合下的平均光子能量值，并与外推法得出的平均光子能量值进行对比，将相对偏差最小时的附加过滤作为最终确定值。从部分能量点的模拟与测量结果的对比可看出，模拟得出的平均光子能量在2%以内与PTB及中国计量院测量结果保持一致，附加过滤最大相对偏差为18%。     

高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计

考虑温度引起的热变形和材料电磁参数变化对天线罩电性能的影响,基于口径积分-表面积分法(AI-SI)和有限元法(FEM),提出了高温环境下天线罩电性能分析方法;进而基于粒子群算法(PSO),建立了计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化流程。分别选取常温环境、均匀高温环境和非均匀高温环境三种典型工况,对比研究了温度对天线罩电性能的影响规律,并对天线罩电性能进行了优化,研究结果表明:高温会引起天线罩透波系数的下降和瞄准误差的上升,在天线罩优化设计中应重视温度对电性能的影响;计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化方法能显著提升天线罩的透波系数、降低瞄准误差,具有良好的优化效果。     

超宽带变频系统中的本振产生技术研究

本振源是超宽带变频系统中的核心部件，本文以超宽带上变频系统为例，介绍变频系统中本振信号的产生技术。本文所设计的超宽带变频系统，经过三次上变频，可将(0.8~2.8)GHz 的低频信号变换至（0.5~40）GHz。变频过程中需要一系列点频本振和一组宽带本振，基于PLL+DFS 的方法产生点频本振，基于DDS+DFS 的方式产生宽带本振。     

Multiscale eigenelement method for periodical composites: A review

Based on the eigenvector expansion idea, the Multiscale Eigenelement Method (MEM) was proposed by the author and co-workers. MEM satisfies two equivalent conditions, one condition is the equivalence of strain energy, and the other is the deformation similarity. These two equivalent conditions character the structure-preserving property of a multiscale analysis method. The equivalence of strain energy is necessary for achieving accurate macro behaviors such as lower order frequencies, while the deformation similarity is essential for predicting accurate micro behaviors such as stresses. The MEM has become a powerful multiscale method for the analysis of composite structures because of its high accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, the research advances of MEM are reviewed and all types of eigenelement methods are compared, focusing on superiorities and deficiencies from practical viewpoint. It is concluded that the eigenelement methods with smooth shape functions are more suitable for the analysis of macro behaviors such as lower order frequencies, and the eigenelement methods with piecewise shape functions are suitable for the analysis of both macro and micro behaviors.     

虚拟多触角探测的高超声速滑翔飞行器再入机动制导

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入过程中面对的多约束问题，提出一种基于虚拟多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略。该机动制导策略通过飞行器最大转弯轨迹计算速度-剩余地面距离-航向角约束，在分段定点模式中发出多条粗略预测触角，引用触角末端反馈的信息计算优先级以确定临时路航点；同时在机动制导模式中发出精细探测触角，计算触角末端信息优先级，经倾侧角延时滤波器得出控制指令，对飞行器进行机动制导。基于多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略，降低了三触角机动制导方法中的计算时间；同时，4种典型禁飞区条件下的仿真结果表明，该策略能够有效稳定地解决机动制导过程中的多约束问题。     

全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率研究

研究绳系结构和绳索预紧力对全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率的影响。首先，基于绳索并联机构理论，对双索悬挂系统进行静力学建模，引入加权矩阵，推导了双索悬挂系统静刚度模型；其次，建立双索悬挂系统无阻尼振荡方程，分析双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率变化规律；进而，搭建了双索悬挂系统地面样机，开展系统模态频率测试试验，研究系统刚体模态频率的影响因素及其变化规律；最后，参考试验结果修正所建数学模型。结果表明，随着绳索预紧力的增加，系统刚体模态频率呈上升趋势，但各阶刚体模态的固有频率上升速率不同，平动模态的固有频率受绳索预紧力影响比转动模态小得多；在转动模态方面，滚转模态的固有频率最大且上升快；在平动模态方面，升沉模态的固有频率大于横侧滑模态的固有频率；双索经过的机身前后滑轮与飞机模型质心之间的相对位置变化会不同程度地影响支撑系统俯仰模态、偏航模态的固有频率，但几乎不影响其滚转模态的固有频率。研究发现，通过控制悬挂绳索预紧力的大小，合理设计机身上的滑轮安装位置，能够有效降低双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率。研究结果对于优化设计全模颤振双索悬挂系统具有指导意义。