助推器支承的火箭地面风载荷非定常气动系数（上）

根据新一代运载火箭CZ-5及其动力学相似缩比模型的助推支承、两个弯曲模态主方向的模态参数有显著差别的特点,推导了火箭地面风载荷在模态主方向的非定常气动弯矩系数,给出了非定常气动弯矩的计算方法,并通过坐标转换,得到风轴气动弯矩系数的计算公式。将非定常气动弯矩系数中与动特性有关的参数统称为动态弯矩因子,从而统一了所有类型火箭的地面风载荷非定常气动弯矩系数的计算公式。此外为简化助推器支承火箭地面风载荷的试验方法,给出了气动加速度和位移系数的计算方法,提出了加速度因子和动态位移因子的概念。通过对CZ-5缩比弹性模型的动特性和弯矩因子的计算,分析了支承筒和不同构型模型的影响,并根据各阶弯曲模态对应的不同响应因子的变化,证明了地面风载荷试验只计及一阶模态的合理性。建议采用弯矩和位移测量数据分析非定常气动系数,不宜直接采用加速度数据计算气动系数。     

光流场重建线性算法的实验模拟

由光流场重建三维运动和结构是计算机视觉研究中的热点和前沿，它分为线性算法和非线性算法。非线性算法的初始值选取非常重要，否则会导致算法失败。本文提出了一种由光流场重建三维结构线性算法的实验模拟新方法，该方法巧妙地利用合成数据和图像序列验证了重建的线性算法，该思路也适用于其它算法。     

三块各向正交异性矩形板构成的卫星帆板在各种载荷下的横向弯曲

本文以三块各向正交异性矩形板组成的卫星帆板为研究对象,首次利用半解析方法研究了其横向弯曲的问题。就板间连接处复杂的边界条件,提出了与之对应的挠度函数形式。在此基础上采用相同形式的挠度函数求出了帆板在各种横向外载荷作用下的挠度,为解决多板连接结构的弯曲问题提供了一种有别于以往数值方法的新思路。     

基于粒子群优化算法的不完全数据的处理

不完全信息下的数据挖掘是一个困难的问题,但它在实际决策中是不可避免的。在介绍几种处理方法的基础上,提出了基于粒子群优化算法的处理方法。对适应函数进行了讨论,实例表明该方法比较有效。     

论WLAN的安全标准及安全机制

无线局域网WLAN是现有的有线局域网的扩展,它使用无线电波来承载数据。利用WLAN进行通讯必须具有较高的通讯保密能力。本文分析了WLAN目前存在的主要安全问题,并根据WLAN的发展动态分别介绍了WLAN网络产品现行采用的IEEE802.11b标准、思科的LEAP协议和PEAP协议的安全技术原理及存在的主要问题,论述了我国提出WAPI新安全机制的工作原理及特点,指出随着技术及应用的发展和进步,WLAN的通讯安全能力会越来越强,而WAPI完全遵循国际标准化,体现了我国标准制定工作的公信力。     

一种提高导航卫星星座自主定轨精度的方法研究

针对近地导航卫星仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨时,因无法消除星座整体旋转误差而导致长期自主定轨精度不高的问题,提出了利用拉格朗日导航卫星星座与近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的方法。建立了拉格朗日轨道导航卫星星座和近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的动力学模型和观测模型。利用扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）算法和星间测距信息实现了拉格朗日轨道导航星座与近地导航星座的长期自主定轨。以4颗拉格朗日卫星组成的导航星座与12颗GPS卫星组成的近地导航星座作为仿真对象进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明本文仅利用星间测距的联合自主定轨方法可以有效提高导航卫星星座的长期自主定轨精度。
     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

New constitutive relation for eddy viscosity models

A new turbulent constitutive relation was directly derived from Boussinesq's hypothesis and mixing length theory, and then implemented in the standard k-ε model. The performance of this constitutive relation was validated in zero pressure gradient flat-plate boundary layer flow, fully-developed turbulent channel flow and separated flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser. The investigation demonstrated that, this new constitutive relation gave very accurate results in the former two basic cases and provided significant improvement in prediction of separated and reattachment points in the plane asymmetric diffuser. Separation and reattachment points at x/H=7.5 and 29 were calculated accurately in comparison to experimental results, and the static pressure coefficient of 0.82 was very close to large eddy simulation calculation. These results are very encouraging but further verification and extensive application of the new constitutive relation to other two-equation eddy viscosity model are needed.      

高精度GPS定位的精密电离层模型

在长距离GPS实时动态定位(RTK)过程中,电离层延迟误差是影响定位精度的主要误差源.目前,由于采用全空间电离层模型精度不够,对长距离RTK定位主要采用双差电离层残差内插方式.本文提出一种新的电离层模型.该模型仅对每个卫星轨迹通过的电离层部分进行建模,可适用于高精度GPS定位.采用香港数据,结果表明,该模型可较好地模拟低纬度电离层变化,并可支持GPS厘米级定位精度.     

GPS精密点定位的数据处理

在GPS精密点定位数据处理中,通常采用所谓无差分模型.然而,GPS单站观测量也可通过不同差分组合以减少未知参数数目,且在理论上与无差分模型等价.文中利用实际GPS观测数据,比较了不同点定位差分模型的定位精度和其他指标.