International Academy of Astronautics 5th cosmic study--preparing for a 21st century program of integrated,Lunar and Martian exploration and development (executive summary)

This report is an initial review of plans for a extensive program to survey and develop the Moon and to explore the planet Mars during the 21st century. It presents current typical plans for separate, associated and fully integrated programs of Lunar and Martian research, exploration and development, and concludes that detailed integrated plans must be prepared and be subject to formal criticism. Before responsible politicians approve a new thrust into space they will demand attractive, defensible, and detailed proposals that explain the WHEN, HOW and WHY of each stage of an expanded program of 21st century space research, development and exploration. In particular, the claims of daring, innovative, but untried systems must be compared with the known performance of existing technologies. The time has come to supersede the present haphazard approach to strategic space studies with a formal international structure to plan for future advanced space missions under the aegis of the world's national space agencies, and supported by governments and the corporate sector.     

Comments on the Communication and Data Problems Associated with a Mars Trip During a Conjunction Phase

The analysis and comments presented in this paper are meant to establish the general communication parameters associated with Martian flyby probes and with lander and manned vehicles. Fundamental data transfer problems are reviewed to define comparisons and trends of tradeoffs for future studies. Selected focal points are based upon the long propagation path length, with inherent time delays, and the high noise produced by the sun. These problems are magnified because large quantities of data must be obtained to satisfy the needs of the scientific community and the curiosity of an interested public. A comparison of two communication systems is provided: the microwave spectrum and the optical spectrum, as represented by the microwaves at 2.3 GHz and the laser at 6328 ?. A method of cost effectiveness or value received from space missions (a criterion of power input for data quantity received) is also presented.     

空袭目标威胁评估模型研究

以航路捷径、目标类型、机动特性、到达发射区近界的剩余时间，以及电子干扰为主要影响因素，结合多通道防空武器系统的特点，建立了基于层次分析法和模糊综合决策法的空袭目标威胁评估模型。用层次分析法确定各因素权重，以分段函数的形式给出权重系数。针对一给定的中程防空武器系统，用模糊统计计算各影响因素的隶属函数，并给出了模型的计算流程。仿真结果表明，所设计的模型能较准确地评估来袭目标的危险性，且具有较高的灵敏度。     

Microgravity effects on water supply and substrate properties in porous matrix root support systems.

The control of water content and water movement in granular substrate-based plant root systems in microgravity is a complex problem. Improper water and oxygen delivery to plant roots has delayed studies of the effects of microgravity on plant development and the use of plants in physical and mental life support systems. Our international effort (USA, Russia and Bulgaria) has upgraded the plant growth facilities on the Mir Orbital Station (OS) and used them to study the full life cycle of plants. The Bulgarian-Russian-developed Svet Space Greenhouse (SG) system was upgraded on the Mir OS in 1996. The US developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) greatly extends the range of environmental parameters monitored. The Svet-GEMS complex was used to grow a fully developed wheat crop during 1996. The growth rate and development of these plants compared well with earth grown plants indicating that the root zone water and oxygen stresses that have limited plant development in previous long-duration experiments have been overcome. However, management of the root environment during this experiment involved several significant changes in control settings as the relationship between the water delivery system, water status sensors, and the substrate changed during the growth cycles.     

One year old and growing: a status report of the International Space Station and its partners.

The International Space Station (ISS), as the largest international science and engineering program in history, features unprecedented technical, cost, scheduling, managerial, and international complexity. A number of major milestones have been accomplished to date, including the construction of major elements of flight hardware, the development of operations and sustaining engineering centers, astronaut training, and eight Space Shuttle/Mir docking missions. International partner contributions and levels of participation have been baselined, and negotiations and discussions are nearing completion regarding bartering arrangements for services and new hardware. As ISS is successfully executed, it can pave the way for more inspiring cooperative achievements in the future.     

An innovative approach for distributed and integrated resources planning for the Space Station Freedom

The widely distributed nature of the Space Station Freedom program, plus continuous multi-year operations will force program planners to develop innovative planning concepts. The traditional centralized planning operation will not be adequate. It will be replaced by multiple small planning centers working within guidelines issued by a central planning authority. Plans will not be optimized; rather, operating efficiency and user flexibility will be blended to satisfy program goals. The key to this new approach is the application of new planning methodologies and system development technologies to accommodate distributed resources that must be integrated. Resources will be distributed to the multiple planning entities in such a way that, when the several plans are built and then integrated, they will fit together with minimal modification. The plan itself will be an envelope schedule containing resource limits and constraint boundaries within which users will be free to make choices of the specific activities they will execute, up to the time of execution. Some level of margin within program guidelines will be built in to allow for variation and unforeseen change. This paper presents the authors' recommended planning approach and cites two NASA systems being developed that will utilize these resource distribution/integration planning concepts, methodologies and development technologies.     

调频多工数据传输技术在交通诱导系统中的应用

针对我国智能型交通的现状,提出了基于调频多工数据传输技术的交通诱导系统。本文在分析研究RDS-TMC技术的基础上,设计了利用RDS技术传输实时交通信息的车载动态导航装置,并介绍了该装置的主要功能模块。在实验室条件下进行了测试,证明设计可行,运行可靠。     

运载火箭飞行测量数据误差分析的小波方法

以提高火箭飞行跟踪测量数据处理精度为目的。结合弹道处理的实际，将小波理论运用于火箭弹道测最数据的分析。本文首先针对火箭飞行弹道测量数据的特征，应用小波理论建立了弹道测量数据事后误差分析处理方法的杠架模型，创建了雷达测量数据诸元的多项式和B样条时序分析模型，提出并验证了雷达测量数据的随机分布模型；其次，对受到噪声干扰时间段数据模型出现严重病态的情况，建立了基于多项式拟合和B样条函数选取有限时间段拟合的火箭弹道建模和预测的二次建模方法；最后，利用所提出的分析处理方法对某次任务两个测量站雷达弹道测量数据的分析，处理效果显著，精度理想。实验验证了上述方法是一种理想的弹道测量数据事后误差分析处理方法。     

构建无线自组网仿真场景

计算机仿真是测试评估网络协议性能的基本技术，而无线自组网技术是一项新兴的热门无线网络技术。目前为止还没有文章对无线自组网计算机仿真技术进行综合介绍。因此，本文以构建易用合理的无线自组网仿真场景为目标，从仿真软件、仿真场景和移动模型这三个方面综合说明了构建无线自组网仿真场景的相关技术。本文对三种通用网络仿真软件NS-2，Glomosim和OPNET进行了分析比较，介绍了无线自组网研究中几种典型的仿真场景，最后介绍了常用的几个节点移动模型，分析了移动模型存在的问题及解决方法。本文对构建无线自组网仿真环境具有指导借鉴意义。     

导弹发射车主机发电时带外供电的方法

对某型导弹发射车主机发电的供电体制进行了简要分析 ,提出了增加外供电体制的措施和方法。外供电方案的实施 ,不仅为部队的平时训练提供了方便 ,而且为提高导弹发射车的可靠性和生存力提供了必要条件 ,增强了整个武器系统的战斗力。