固体火箭发动机卧式贮存状态界面应力数值分析

根据推进剂的材料特性及受载,用线粘弹性理论在ANSYS有限元软件中建立了某长期无翻转卧式贮存固体火箭发动机燃烧室筒段的有限元模型。计算了实际贮存、真空和高压三种典型状态下危险部位的界面应力。该方法对发动机的免维修和寿命预估有一定的参考价值。     

Early renal changes in 45 degrees HDT rats

Background: Both microgravity and simulated microgravity models, such as the 45HDT (45 degrees head-down tilt), cause a redistribution of body fluids indicating a possible adaptive process to the microgravity stressor. Understanding the physiological processes that occur in microgravity is a first step to developing countermeasures to stop its harmful effects, i.e., (edema, motion sickness) during long-term space flights. Hypothesis: Because of the kidneys' functional role in the regulation of fluid volume in the body, it plays a key role in the body's adaptation to microgravity. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with a radioactive tracer and then lightly anesthetized in order to facilitate their placement in the 45HDT position. They were then placed in the 45HDT position using a specially designed ramp (45HDT group) or prone position (control group) for an experimental time period of 1 h. During this period, the 99mTc-DTPA (technetium-labeled diethylenepentaacetate, MW=492 amu, physical half-life of 6.02 h) radioactive tracer clearance rate was determined by measuring gamma counts per minute. The kidneys were then fixed and sectioned for electron microscopy. A point counting method was used to quantitate intracellular spaces of the kidney proximal tubules. Results: 45HDT animals show a significantly (p=0.0001) increased area in the interstitial space of the proximal tubules. Conclusions: There are significant changes in the kidneys during a 1 h exposure to a simulated microgravity environment that consist primarily of anatomical alterations in the kidney proximal tubules. The kidneys also appear to respond differently to the initial periods of head-down tilt.     

Classification of modern and old Río Tinto sedimentary deposits through the biomolecular record using a life marker biochip: implications for detecting life on Mars

The particular mineralogy formed in the acidic conditions of the Río Tinto has proven to be a first-order analogue for the acid-sulfate aqueous environments of Mars. Therefore, studies about the formation and preservation of biosignatures in the Río Tinto will provide insights into equivalent processes on Mars. We characterized the biomolecular patterns recorded in samples of modern and old fluvial sediments along a segment of the river by means of an antibody microarray containing more than 200 antibodies (LDCHIP200, for Life Detector Chip) against whole microorganisms, universal biomolecules, or environmental extracts. Samples containing 0.3-0.5?g of solid material were automatically analyzed in situ by the Signs Of LIfe Detector instrument (SOLID2), and the results were corroborated by extensive analysis in the laboratory. Positive antigen-antibody reactions indicated the presence of microbial strains or high-molecular-weight biopolymers that originated from them. The LDCHIP200 results were quantified and subjected to a multivariate analysis for immunoprofiling. We associated similar immunopatterns, and biomolecular markers, to samples with similar sedimentary age. Phyllosilicate-rich samples from modern fluvial sediments gave strong positive reactions with antibodies against bacteria of the genus Acidithiobacillus and against biochemical extracts from Río Tinto sediments and biofilms. These samples contained high amounts of sugars (mostly polysaccharides) with monosaccharides like glucose, rhamnose, fucose, and so on. By contrast, the older deposits, which are a mix of clastic sands and evaporites, showed only a few positives with LDCHIP200, consistent with lower protein and sugar content. We conclude that LDCHIP200 results can establish a correlation between microenvironments, diagenetic stages, and age with the biomarker profile associated with a sample. Our results would help in the search for putative martian biomarkers in acidic deposits with similar diagenetic maturity. Our LDCHIP200 and SOLID-like instruments may be excellent tools for the search for molecular biomarkers on Mars or other planets.     

试验机载监视雷达地面动目标识别的多普勒后和多普勒前STAP的雷达杂波对消性能比较

本文报导了多普勒前和多普勒后STAP处理算法用于相同试验数据时的性能比较研究，这些数据由QinetiQ公司改进型监视雷达收集。这两种算法的性能是用杂波对消比和目标信号改善因子（有STAP和没有STAP处理的信号对杂波加噪声之比）来定量研究的。结果表明可以使多普勒前和多普勒后STAP具有相同的杂波对消水平。 所得到的结果是明亮的目标特征会影响到STAP处理器并减弱全部的杂波对消。我们已经发现对于两个相位中心试验雷达数据而言，与简单的固定窗多普勒后STAP算法相比，PRI来回变化的多普勒后STAP使杂波对消有很大的提高。还发现动窗或辅助单元多普勒后STAP的应用会降低处理器的输出。将最后距离多普勒图归一化以防止热噪声的加强并去除随着多普勒而改变的权范数的变化，这是在STAP处理后进行探测算法解读和应用关键的一步。     

Cosmic radiation exposure of biological test systems during the EXPOSE-E mission

In the frame of the EXPOSE-E mission on the Columbus external payload facility EuTEF on board the International Space Station, passive thermoluminescence dosimeters were applied to measure the radiation exposure of biological samples. The detectors were located either as stacks next to biological specimens to determine the depth dose distribution or beneath the sample carriers to determine the dose levels for maximum shielding. The maximum mission dose measured in the upper layer of the depth dose part of the experiment amounted to 238±10 mGy, which relates to an average dose rate of 408±16 μGy/d. In these stacks of about 8?mm height, the dose decreased by 5-12% with depth. The maximum dose measured beneath the sample carriers was 215±16 mGy, which amounts to an average dose rate of 368±27 μGy/d. These values are close to those assessed for the interior of the Columbus module and demonstrate the high shielding of the biological experiments within the EXPOSE-E facility. Besides the shielding by the EXPOSE-E hardware itself, additional shielding was experienced by the external structures adjacent to EXPOSE-E, such as EuTEF and Columbus. This led to a dose gradient over the entire exposure area, from 215±16 mGy for the lowest to 121±6 mGy for maximum shielding. Hence, the doses perceived by the biological samples inside EXPOSE-E varied by 70% (from lowest to highest dose). As a consequence of the high shielding, the biological samples were predominantly exposed to galactic cosmic heavy ions, while electrons and a significant fraction of protons of the radiation belts and solar wind did not reach the samples.     

改进（DSP）模型运用于货运中心信息系统规划

货运中心信息系统规划,是围绕着公路货物运输网络的信息系统布局,对货运中心适站量的信息输送方式,信息作业规模、以及信息系统的建设水平进行规划。在货物运输过程中,该信息系统需要处理有关物品运输、中转换装、车辆调度、运输代理等多方面的信息流,使之密切配合物流系统的管理,提高货物运输服务水平、工作效率及经济效益。该信息系统群的作业过程,是由一组与物流组织相关的成对信息系统,对每对O—D流进行作业。在满足运输网络流需求的条件下,信息系统的布局应要求以最低的系统费用或最好的效益来安排建设序列。DSP模型是送货系统问题规划模型,本文对该模型进行了适当的改造,首次将之运用到货运中心信息系统规划问题中。主要变化是:(1)一个货运中心为一个节点,所覆盖的运输区内的用户端点都合并到该节点中;(2)成本系数为决策变量的直接相关的函数。本方法已成功地应用于甘肃省货运中心运输网络规划,取得了满意的结果。     

城市街区与建筑物对气流特征影响的数值模拟研究

利用一个湍流能量闭合的三维城市街渠气流模式对一个范围为 1 2 5 0m× 1 2 0 0m的居民小区中的建筑物群体对不同来流风向下小区内的流场结构的影响进行了诊断分析。模拟表明 :小区内建筑物复杂的几何形状所引起的空气动力学强迫作用使得该区域内的气流结构十分复杂。建筑物的阻挡和拖曳作用会在低层产生风速的亏损     

壁压法低速风洞洞壁干扰修正

 对于低速风洞中大模型、大迎角以及一般具有分离流的情况,本文采用壁压测量用影响函数法计算了洞壁干扰,并进行了实验验证.计算与实验表明,本文的计算是可靠的提供的曲线数据可供实际使用。     

怎样提高航线维修的效率

美国《大修与维修》（Ｏｖｅｒｈａｕｌ＆　Ｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅ）是美国航空周刊集团出版社的，以报道飞机、发动机及机械电子设备维护维修的科技信息杂志，《航空工程与维修》是国际航空杂志社出版的一本集报道航空工程与维修为一体的刊物。自２００１年初开始，国际航空杂志社与美国航空周刊集团签订了版权交换协议，因此，我刊从本期开始，开设了Ｏｖｅｒｈａｕｌ＆Ｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｃｅ专栏，为广大中国民航军队的飞机维护维修人员提供了一个了解国外维修业的窗口，希望广大读者对本专栏提出宝贵意见，以帮助我们不断改进。