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941.
Based on the archive OMNI data for the period 1976–2000 an analysis has been made of 798 geomagnetic storms with D
st
< −50 nT and their interplanetary sources-large-scale types of the solar wind: CIR (145 magnetic storms), Sheath (96), magnetic
clouds MC (62), and Ejecta (161). The remaining 334 magnetic storms have no well-defined sources. For the analysis, we applied
the double method of superposed epoch analysis in which the instants of the magnetic storm beginning and minimum of D
st
index are taken as reference times. The well-known fact that, independent of the interplanetary source type, the magnetic
storm begins in 1–2 h after a southward turn of the IMF (B
z
< 0) and both the end of the main phase of a storm and the beginning of its recovery phase are observed in 1–2 h after disappearance
of the southward component of the IMF is confirmed. Also confirmed is the result obtained previously that the most efficient
generation of magnetic storms is observed for Sheath before MC. On the average parameters B
z
and E
y
slightly vary between the beginning and end of the main phase of storms (minimum of D
st
and D
st
* indices), while D
st
and D
st
* indices decrease monotonically proportionally to integral of B
z
and E
y
over time. Such a behavior of the indices indicates that the used double method of superposed epoch analysis can be successfully
applied in order to study dynamics of the parameters on the main phase of magnetic storms having different duration. 相似文献
942.
The paper is devoted to studying the motion of meteor bodies with mass outflow in a planet’s atmosphere, taking into account the non-isothermal character of the latter. Analytical solutions are obtained at the constant parameter of mass outflow in the model of a nonfragmenting meteoroid. A theoretical analysis of the derived regularities of the ballistics of such bodies is presented. 相似文献
943.
Dempsey T. Sahin G. Morton Y.T. Hopper C.M. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2009,24(8):23-30
Wireless ad hoc networks have fundamentally altered today's battlefield, with applications ranging from unmanned air vehicles to randomly deployed sensor networks. Security and vulnerabilities in wireless ad hoc networks have been considered at different layers, and many attack strategies have been proposed, including denial of service (DoS) through the intelligent jamming of the most critical packet types of flows in a network. This investigates the effectiveness of intelligent jamming in wireless ad hoc networks using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and TCP protocols and introduces an intelligent classifier to facilitate the jamming of such networks. Assuming encrypted packet headers and contents, our classifier is based solely on the observable characteristics of size, inter-arrival timing, and direction and classifies packets with up to "9.4% accuracy in our experiments. 相似文献
944.
R. Werner D. Valev At. Atanassov I. Kostadinov B. Petkov G. Giovanelli K. Stebel A. Petritoli E. Palazzi M. Gausa T. Markova 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Areas with dimensions of 1000–3000 km in which the total ozone content (TOC) decreases fast are called ozone mini-holes. They are generated mainly dynamically in two ways, either by poor-ozone air mass transport from the tropics to higher latitudes by planetary wave activity or, they are connected with strong adiabatic uplifting of the tropopause height. An ozone mini-hole, generated by the second mechanism, was observed over the Balkan Peninsula on 19/21 March 2005. In the middle of March, the polar vortex was strongly disturbed by Rossby waves, reaching up to the lower stratosphere. Warming episodes over a geographical area, covering the Barents Sea and the Polar Sea north from Central Siberia, displaced a polar vortex fragment extremely southwards. However, the vorticity was weak and the stratospheric temperatures did not reach low values, providing conditions for ozone chemical destruction via heterogenic reactions. At the same time, a Rossby wave ridge was located below the European polar fragment. In the period from 13 to 19 March, the thermal tropopause over Sofia was uplifted almost by 3 km. Ozone distributions observed by the SCIAMACHY instrument on 18–21 March show a fast TOC decrease westwards from Ireland, which was moving eastwards during the next days, increasing the area in which the ozone content decreased. On 20/21 March low ozone content was observed above the Stara Zagora (42°N, 25°E) ground-based station by means of the GASCOD instrument, using DOAS technique. The TOMS Earth probe instrument detected 237 DU over Sofia. This is a record low March value from the beginning of the TOMS instrument measurements in 1978. In March/April the ozone distribution was characterized by its mean annual maximum of 360 DU at 42°N. 相似文献
945.
Costas array generation and search methodology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Beard J.K. Russo J.C. Erickson K.G. Monteleone M.C. Wright M.T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2007,43(2):522-538
Costas arrays are permutation matrices that provide sequencing schemes for frequency hop in FSK waveforms. Such frequency-shift keying (FSK) waveforms can be designed to have nearly ideal ambiguity function properties in both the time and frequency directions: the Costas property permits at most one coincident tone in autocorrelations in both time and frequency. Costas arrays are found by number-theoretic generators and their extensions, and by exhaustive search methods. Two new extensions of number-theoretic methods are introduced here that find two new Costas arrays. All Costas arrays for orders 24, 25, and 26 are disclosed here, including previously unknown examples. 相似文献
946.
In this paper, a number of general approaches to the vibration diagnostics of diesel engine fuel equipment (including that of aircraft ones) is considered. Based on the corresponding analysis, the approach and particular techniques of vibration diagnostics under operating conditions (without dismantling the fuel equipment on the object to be examined) are presented. 相似文献
947.
Lamy Au Rousseau G. Bostel J. Mazari B. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2005,20(2):27-31
An efficient star pattern recognition algorithm is presented. The purpose of this algorithm is to make sure of the compatibility of the software and the imaging sensor noise level. The new CMOS APS sensors have not currently reached the same accuracy as the former CCD sensors in position as well as in magnitude determination, especially in the dynamic stages. This algorithm allows the system to recognize the star pattern 20% faster than with reference algorithms. No false recognition has been noticed. Used databases have a size 5 to 10 times smaller, depending on other reference algorithms. Oriented triangles are used to compare the measured star pattern with the catalogue stars. The triangle's characterization criteria propose several solutions in a first time. A unique solution is selected by means of identification and validation methods in a second time. First results, presented hereinafter, are very encouraging, and this algorithm may be used in the future APS star trackers. APS star tracker robustness is significantly enhanced by this method during the critical navigation phases 相似文献
948.
V.G. Grigoryev S.A. StarodubsevP.A. Krivoshapkin A.N. PrikhodkoA.G. Yegorov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(6):943-946
The method has been developed to calculate galactic cosmic ray anisotropy parameters by using on-line data of the neutron monitor 24-NM-64 and muon telescope at the Yakutsk station. The preliminary analysis shows that characteristic changes in the anisotropy parameters caused by the first spherical harmonics of cosmic ray angular distribution are observed 1–2 days before the onset of the most part of large-scale geophysical disturbances on the Earth. There is reason to believe that the attraction of data of geophysical observations of other kinds will allow to develop the forecast methods for the arrival of large-scale interplanetary disturbances at the Earth. 相似文献
949.
Recent progress in the research on deuterium-tritium (D-T) inertially confined microexplosions encourages one to reconsider the nuclear propulsion of spaceships based on the concept originally proposed in the Orion project. We discuss first the acceleration of medium-sized spaceships by D-T explosions whose output is in the range of 0.1–10 t of TNT. The launching of such a ship into an Earth orbit or beyond by a large nuclear explosion in an underground cavity is sketched out in the second section of the paper, and finally we consider a hypothetical Mars mission based on these concepts. In the conclusion it is argued that propulsion based on the Orion concept only is not the best method for interplanetary travel owing to the very large number of nuclear explosion required. A combination of a super gun and subsequent rocket propulsion using advanced chemical fuels appears to be the best solution for space flights of the near future.From Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 67–75.Original English Text Copyright © 2005 by Linhart, Kravárik. 相似文献
950.
J.G. Luhmann Adam Mann 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2007,39(12):1882-1889
Peak fluxes are an important property of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event time profiles from both astro/heliophysical and applications perspectives. However, the peak flux in an event may occur at the event onset, or at the time of the interplanetary shock arrival (the ESP or energetic storm particles). This makes an important difference in the interpretation of the peak flux, and in any attempts to characterize or model it. This paper describes a study of SEP data sets from ACE, IMP-8 and GOES toward determining the relative properties of these peak fluxes for protons with energies near 1, 10, and 50 MeV. The results suggest that for gradual events with both peaks, the ESP peak often dominates at 1 MeV energies and is dominant about half the time at 10 MeV. Moreover, the prompt peak fluxes can be used to estimate the shock peak (ESP event) up to days ahead, especially in the lower energy range. 相似文献