Microbial rock inhabitants survive hypervelocity impacts on Mars-like host planets: first phase of lithopanspermia experimentally tested

The scenario of lithopanspermia describes the viable transport of microorganisms via meteorites. To test the first step of lithopanspermia, i.e., the impact ejection from a planet, systematic shock recovery experiments within a pressure range observed in martian meteorites (5-50 GPa) were performed with dry layers of microorganisms (spores of Bacillus subtilis, cells of the endolithic cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis, and thalli and ascocarps of the lichen Xanthoria elegans) sandwiched between gabbro discs (martian analogue rock). Actual shock pressures were determined by refractive index measurements and Raman spectroscopy, and shock temperature profiles were calculated. Pressure-effect curves were constructed for survival of B. subtilis spores and Chroococcidiopsis cells from the number of colony-forming units, and for vitality of the photobiont and mycobiont of Xanthoria elegans from confocal laser scanning microscopy after live/dead staining (FUN-I). A vital launch window for the transport of rock-colonizing microorganisms from a Mars-like planet was inferred, which encompasses shock pressures in the range of 5 to about 40 GPa for the bacterial endospores and the lichens, and a more limited shock pressure range for the cyanobacterium (from 5-10 GPa). The results support concepts of viable impact ejections from Mars-like planets and the possibility of reseeding early Earth after asteroid cataclysms.     

飞机总体设计优化中的多目标方案优选方法

飞机概念设计多目标优化的结果基本决定了飞机的总体外形。为提高多目标优化结果解集的优选效率,在多目标方案对比评价方法和可视化辅助评价支持两方面对飞机多目标方案优选方法进行了研究。首先在研究了线性加权和法及欧氏加权距离法的基础上,提出了体现具体目标对比的基于等效多边形的等效面积评价法,并进行了改进。其次,采用量化指标初选与可视化目标对比及方案模型可视化精选相结合的方式,在概念设计平台上实现了多目标方案优选方法。最后在轻型战斗机概念方案多目标优化实例中利用提出的优选方法对优化非劣解集进行了优选,结果验证了可视化辅助评价支持的优选方法方便快速获取满意方案的有效性。     

激光卫星通信提供太空无线链路

与微波系统相比，激光卫星通信设备在质量方面有三倍的优势，在功率方面有两倍的优势。     

计算机分析加快了波纹喇叭设计

当波纹喇叭天线的张角、轴长和直径给出后,利用写成BASIC语言的计算机程序可以很快地预知天线辐射方向图。     

EFOS1氢脉泽的初步测量

本文是一份大尺寸有源氢脉泽(EFOS1)的研制进度报告。这种氢脉泽作为一种工业产品目前正在ASULAB NEUCHATEL研制。本文将介绍脉泽的设计原理、物理部分、接收机和测量系统,并提供在与氢脉泽H_1和H_2的样机比较后得到的频率稳定度的初步成果。     

现代直升机“地面与空中共振”的抑制技术——主动控制技术

本文介绍了目前世界上正在研究的、具有世界先进水平的直升机“地面与空中共振”抑制技术——SAS主动控制技术。