壁压法低速风洞洞壁干扰修正

 对于低速风洞中大模型、大迎角以及一般具有分离流的情况,本文采用壁压测量用影响函数法计算了洞壁干扰,并进行了实验验证.计算与实验表明,本文的计算是可靠的提供的曲线数据可供实际使用。     

Early renal changes in 45 degrees HDT rats

Background: Both microgravity and simulated microgravity models, such as the 45HDT (45 degrees head-down tilt), cause a redistribution of body fluids indicating a possible adaptive process to the microgravity stressor. Understanding the physiological processes that occur in microgravity is a first step to developing countermeasures to stop its harmful effects, i.e., (edema, motion sickness) during long-term space flights. Hypothesis: Because of the kidneys' functional role in the regulation of fluid volume in the body, it plays a key role in the body's adaptation to microgravity. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with a radioactive tracer and then lightly anesthetized in order to facilitate their placement in the 45HDT position. They were then placed in the 45HDT position using a specially designed ramp (45HDT group) or prone position (control group) for an experimental time period of 1 h. During this period, the 99mTc-DTPA (technetium-labeled diethylenepentaacetate, MW=492 amu, physical half-life of 6.02 h) radioactive tracer clearance rate was determined by measuring gamma counts per minute. The kidneys were then fixed and sectioned for electron microscopy. A point counting method was used to quantitate intracellular spaces of the kidney proximal tubules. Results: 45HDT animals show a significantly (p=0.0001) increased area in the interstitial space of the proximal tubules. Conclusions: There are significant changes in the kidneys during a 1 h exposure to a simulated microgravity environment that consist primarily of anatomical alterations in the kidney proximal tubules. The kidneys also appear to respond differently to the initial periods of head-down tilt.     

试验机载监视雷达地面动目标识别的多普勒后和多普勒前STAP的雷达杂波对消性能比较

本文报导了多普勒前和多普勒后STAP处理算法用于相同试验数据时的性能比较研究，这些数据由QinetiQ公司改进型监视雷达收集。这两种算法的性能是用杂波对消比和目标信号改善因子（有STAP和没有STAP处理的信号对杂波加噪声之比）来定量研究的。结果表明可以使多普勒前和多普勒后STAP具有相同的杂波对消水平。 所得到的结果是明亮的目标特征会影响到STAP处理器并减弱全部的杂波对消。我们已经发现对于两个相位中心试验雷达数据而言，与简单的固定窗多普勒后STAP算法相比，PRI来回变化的多普勒后STAP使杂波对消有很大的提高。还发现动窗或辅助单元多普勒后STAP的应用会降低处理器的输出。将最后距离多普勒图归一化以防止热噪声的加强并去除随着多普勒而改变的权范数的变化，这是在STAP处理后进行探测算法解读和应用关键的一步。     

Classification of modern and old Río Tinto sedimentary deposits through the biomolecular record using a life marker biochip: implications for detecting life on Mars

The particular mineralogy formed in the acidic conditions of the Río Tinto has proven to be a first-order analogue for the acid-sulfate aqueous environments of Mars. Therefore, studies about the formation and preservation of biosignatures in the Río Tinto will provide insights into equivalent processes on Mars. We characterized the biomolecular patterns recorded in samples of modern and old fluvial sediments along a segment of the river by means of an antibody microarray containing more than 200 antibodies (LDCHIP200, for Life Detector Chip) against whole microorganisms, universal biomolecules, or environmental extracts. Samples containing 0.3-0.5?g of solid material were automatically analyzed in situ by the Signs Of LIfe Detector instrument (SOLID2), and the results were corroborated by extensive analysis in the laboratory. Positive antigen-antibody reactions indicated the presence of microbial strains or high-molecular-weight biopolymers that originated from them. The LDCHIP200 results were quantified and subjected to a multivariate analysis for immunoprofiling. We associated similar immunopatterns, and biomolecular markers, to samples with similar sedimentary age. Phyllosilicate-rich samples from modern fluvial sediments gave strong positive reactions with antibodies against bacteria of the genus Acidithiobacillus and against biochemical extracts from Río Tinto sediments and biofilms. These samples contained high amounts of sugars (mostly polysaccharides) with monosaccharides like glucose, rhamnose, fucose, and so on. By contrast, the older deposits, which are a mix of clastic sands and evaporites, showed only a few positives with LDCHIP200, consistent with lower protein and sugar content. We conclude that LDCHIP200 results can establish a correlation between microenvironments, diagenetic stages, and age with the biomarker profile associated with a sample. Our results would help in the search for putative martian biomarkers in acidic deposits with similar diagenetic maturity. Our LDCHIP200 and SOLID-like instruments may be excellent tools for the search for molecular biomarkers on Mars or other planets.     

采用脉冲雷达数据鉴定导弹制导精度的最佳方法

一、引言——飞行试验鉴定概述为了有效地使用弹道式导弹,空军必须有效地鉴定其精度。为鉴定弹道导弹精度而制定的试验计划,随武器和负责部门的不同而不同,但一般都是地面试验和飞行试验相结合,然后加以分析。最能逼真模拟实战或预期运用情况的飞行试验计划,可按复杂性而分为两类。第一类试验通常称为验证性试验计划,其主要目的是测得武器系统的总误差,不注重分离各单项误差因素。第二类试验称为鉴定性试验计划,其目的是分离、鉴别和定量测定形成武器系统总误差的各主要误差源。这种飞行试验计划显然是最为复杂,因而实施起来也是最难成功的。而在洲际弹道式导弹比之用来鉴定其性能的基准系统更为精确的今天,尤为如此。本文详细讨论了在这种情况下鉴定惯性制导系统所遇到的问题,并介绍了一种分析方法,以此尽量减少其中一些问题所造成的影响。     

固体推进剂老化研究概述

老化研究的重要性是由于评定推进剂的安全期而引起的。本文评论的目的是介绍文献中对本课题有用的最新知识的全面情况,包括双基和复合固体推进剂。评论了以下几个课题:1)损坏准则 2)安全期的估价 3)弹道性能变化与分解特性 4)力学性能的变化 5)老化机理。     

硫代磷酸三苯酯和α-巯基苯并噻唑用作添加剂时在钢球表面上的摩擦磨损特征

分别运用四球摩擦试验机、磨粒铁谱分析技术和俄歇电子能谱表面分析技术对硫代磷酸三苯酯(TPPT)和α 巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)用作酯类航空润滑油的极压抗磨添加剂时的摩擦磨损特征进行了研究。结果表明,硫代磷酸三苯酯综合了磷系和硫系添加剂的优点,既具有在低负荷下的抗磨作用,又能够保证在高负荷下的极压作用;而α 巯基苯并噻唑由于在摩擦表面只能生成无机的硫化铁膜,只具有在高负荷下的极压作用,而在低负荷下的作用效果较差。文章最后指出,在航空润滑油中,硫代磷酸三苯酯完全能够代替α 巯基苯并噻唑作为极压抗磨剂使用。     

室内火箭试车台的理论和试验评定

用于固体火箭发动机静态试车的一种新的室内试验设施最近在荷兰全国应用科学研究中心的Prins Maurits实验室建成。本文介绍了试车的概况,气体动力学特性,强度和减声特性,以及验证试验的结果。     

含硝酸酯增塑剂的固体推进剂的脆化研究

本文介绍硝酸酯增塑的聚醚聚氨酯推进剂在低温贮存中,解决失去应变能力(脆化)问题的研究结果。这种高度增塑的推进剂在低温下短期贮存,几乎完全失去了应变能力。研究这种脆化的原因表明,交联密度以及粘合剂配方是起作用的因素。湿度曾被考虑是因素之一,但实验证明并非如此。实验表明增塑剂结晶是脆变的主要原因但不一定与增塑剂的凝固点有关。重新测定某些增塑剂的凝固点是研究工作的一部份。放入增塑剂晶体增加了推进剂脆变速度。单独采用丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN)或是混合增塑剂可以解决这个问题。采用混合增塑剂可以得到最好的低温性能。