噪声干扰时雷达J\N的简便计算

在距离和能量电平都变化的多个噪声干扰机的环境中,探讨了雷达噪声干扰功率与雷达热噪声功率的比值J/N。对于一些实际的多个噪声干扰机配置的情况。本文给出了一个计算J/N的比较简单的形式。     

“自由”号运载火箭

提出一种一次性使用的低成本商业化运载火箭,即“自由”Ⅱ号运载火箭,它使用在压馈式第一级和泵馈式第二级,低地球轨道有效载荷能力为11.3t,同步轨道能力为 3.2—3.6t.低地球轨道的运载成本,小批量发射时为每次飞行2500万美元,大批量发射时(>10次/年),发射成本为880—1320美元/kg.     

Iron meteorites can support the growth of acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms

Chemolithoautotrophy based on reduced inorganic minerals is considered a primitive energy transduction system. Evidence that a high number of meteorites crashed into the planet during the early period of Earth history led us to test the ability of iron-oxidizing bacteria to grow using iron meteorites as their source of energy. Here we report the growth of two acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, on a piece of the Toluca meteorite as the only source of energy. The alteration of the surface of the exposed piece of meteorite, the solubilization of its oxidized metal constituents, mainly ferric iron, and the formation of goethite precipitates all clearly indicate that iron-meteorite-based chemolithotrophic metabolism is viable.     

Disk-averaged synthetic spectra of Mars

The principal goal of the NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and European Space Agency's Darwin mission concepts is to directly detect and characterize extrasolar terrestrial (Earthsized) planets. This first generation of instruments is expected to provide disk-averaged spectra with modest spectral resolution and signal-to-noise. Here we use a spatially and spectrally resolved model of a Mars-like planet to study the detectability of a planet's surface and atmospheric properties from disk-averaged spectra. We explore the detectability as a function of spectral resolution and wavelength range, for both the proposed visible coronograph (TPFC) and mid-infrared interferometer (TPF-I/Darwin) architectures. At the core of our model is a spectrum-resolving (line-by-line) atmospheric/surface radiative transfer model. This model uses observational data as input to generate a database of spatially resolved synthetic spectra for a range of illumination conditions and viewing geometries. The model was validated against spectra recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor-Thermal Emission Spectrometer and the Mariner 9-Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer. Results presented here include disk-averaged synthetic spectra, light curves, and the spectral variability at visible and mid-infrared wavelengths for Mars as a function of viewing angle, illumination, and season. We also considered the differences in the spectral appearance of an increasingly ice-covered Mars, as a function of spectral resolution, signal-to-noise and integration time for both TPF-C and TPFI/ Darwin.     

并非虚构的事实

据说,有人看见在高空出现了一些奇怪的物体,这些不明飞行物引起了人们极大的兴趣.关于这些不明飞行物的报告,有一些很难令人相信.一些已经用科学方法进行解释,另一些则还无法解释.要判断一份报告是真的还是假的,很不容易.有一份关于不明物体的报告是50年代英国的一架飞机在纽约至伦敦的途中发出的.当这架英国飞机在5,700米的高空飞越一座岛屿时.机长和飞机上的其他人注意到左方有一个物体,这个物体大大低于他们的飞机,离他们大约有8公里远.     

“阿里安”遥控环路中的适配单元

“阿里安”运载火箭带有向地面发送箭上相关数据的遥测链路.这些遥测链路是由意大利塞列尼亚公司研制、检验和生产的,它采用了先进的模拟电路和空间用的高水平技术.     

用数字补偿法降低声表面波振荡器的温度灵敏度

本文介绍一种用数字补偿法降低声表面波振荡器温度灵敏度的方法。AT切石英声表面波振荡器的初步研究结果表明,在-13到+97℃温度范围内,频率的变化从191.7×10~(-8)减小到5.2×10~(-6)。主要特点是在同一基片上使用两个延迟电路。第一延迟电路被调节来与声表面波具有低温灵敏度的方位保持一致。借助于反馈回路的振荡,该电路提供更精确的频率和时钟。第二延迟电路被调节来与声表面波具有高温灵敏度的方位保持一致,并通过其振荡频率起测温器件的作用。利用直接安放在基片上的温度表,把热接触和时间常数问题减到最小,从而得到准确的温度传感。温度表的频率(温度的一种直接量度)是递减计数,以便给预先校准好的只读存贮器提供地址。在每一温度上均在ROM的数据线上产生一个保持稳定时钟频率所需要的移相器控制字,然后送到电子可变移相器。