一种快速爬升和快速下降的奇异摄动最优中制导律设计

利用非线性奇异摄动系统2点约束最优问题的结论,在分析导弹质心运动方程两时间尺度特性的基础上,提出了一种计算量较小、较简单的奇异摄动最优中制导律,并对此制导律进行进一步修正,得到一种快速爬升和快速下降的奇异摄动最优中制导律。将此制导规律用于高超音速巡航导弹上,进行了三维弹道仿真,取得了满意结果,证明高超音速巡航导弹应用此改进的奇异摄动最优中制导律是可行的、可靠的。     

JIRAM, the image spectrometer in the near infrared on board the Juno mission to Jupiter

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) has been accepted by NASA for inclusion in the New Frontiers mission "Juno," which will launch in August 2011. JIRAM will explore the dynamics and the chemistry of Jupiter's auroral regions by high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy. It will also analyze jovian hot spots to determine their vertical structure and infer possible mechanisms for their formation. JIRAM will sound the jovian meteorological layer to map moist convection and determine water abundance and other constituents at depths that correspond to several bars pressure. JIRAM is equipped with a single telescope that accommodates both an infrared camera and a spectrometer to facilitate a large observational flexibility in obtaining simultaneous images in the L and M bands with the spectral radiance over the central zone of the images. Moreover, JIRAM will be able to perform spectral imaging of the planet in the 2.0-5.0 microm interval of wavelengths with a spectral resolution better than 10 nm. Instrument design, modes, and observation strategy will be optimized for operations onboard a spinning satellite in polar orbit around Jupiter. The JIRAM heritage comes from Italian-made, visual-infrared imaging spectrometers dedicated to planetary exploration, such as VIMS-V on Cassini, VIRTIS on Rosetta and Venus Express, and VIR-MS on the Dawn mission.     

机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的Jeffcott转子系统的振动特性

建立了带挤压油膜阻尼器的Jeffcott转子系统的运动微分方程,研究了机动飞行条件下转子系统的振动特性。结果表明,机动飞行对转子系统振动的影响是明显的,机动飞行所产生的附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩将改变挤压油膜阻尼器的受力;SFD能够有效地抑制瞬态振动,起到快速稳定系统的作用。      

Detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra. I: The Earth model

Over the next 2 decades, NASA and ESA are planning a series of space-based observatories to detect and characterize extrasolar planets. This first generation of observatories will not be able to spatially resolve the terrestrial planets detected. Instead, these planets will be characterized by disk-averaged spectroscopy. To assess the detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra, we have developed a spatially and spectrally resolved model of the Earth. This model uses atmospheric and surface properties from existing observations and modeling studies as input, and generates spatially resolved high-resolution synthetic spectra using the Spectral Mapping Atmospheric Radiative Transfer model. Synthetic spectra were generated for a variety of conditions, including cloud coverage, illumination fraction, and viewing angle geometry, over a wavelength range extending from the ultraviolet to the farinfrared. Here we describe the model and validate it against disk-averaged visible to infrared observations of the Earth taken by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer, the ESA Mars Express Omega instrument, and ground-based observations of earthshine reflected from the unilluminated portion of the Moon. The comparison between the data and model indicates that several atmospheric species can be identified in disk-averaged Earth spectra, and potentially detected depending on the wavelength range and resolving power of the instrument. At visible wavelengths (0.4-0.9 microm) O3, H2O, O2, and oxygen dimer [(O2)2] are clearly apparent. In the mid-infrared (5-20 microm) CO2, O3, and H2O are present. CH4, N2O, CO2, O3, and H2O are visible in the near-infrared (1-5 microm). A comprehensive three-dimensional model of the Earth is needed to produce a good fit with the observations.     

Detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra II: synthetic spectra and light-curves of earth

Spatially and spectrally resolved models were used to explore the observational sensitivity to changes in atmospheric and surface properties and the detectability of surface biosignatures in the globally averaged spectra and light-curves of the Earth. Compared with previous efforts to characterize the Earth using disk-averaged models, a more comprehensive and realistic treatment of the surface and atmosphere was taken into account here. Our results are presented as a function of viewing geometry and phases at both visible/near-infrared (0.5-1.7 microm) and mid-infrared (5-25 microm) wavelength ranges, applicable to the proposed NASA-Terrestrial Planet Finder visible coronagraph and mid-infrared interferometer and to the ESADarwin mission architectures. Clouds can change the thermal emission by as much as 50% compared with the cloud-free case and increase the visible albedo by up to 500% for completely overcast cases at the dichotomy phase. Depending on the observed phase and their distribution and type, clouds can also significantly alter the spectral shape. Moreover, clouds impact the detectability of surface biosignatures in the visible wavelength range. Modeling the disk-averaged sensitivity to the "red-edge," a distinctive spectral signature of vegetation, showed that Earth's land vegetation could be seen in disk-averaged spectra, even with cloud cover, when the signal was averaged over the daily time scale. We found that vegetation is more readily discriminated from clouds at dichotomy (50% illumination) rather than at full phase. The detectability of phytoplankton was also explored, but was found to be more difficult to detect in the disk-average than land vegetation.     

具有最低旁瓣电平和使用粒子群优化算法控制零陷的线性阵几何综合

描述了具有最低旁瓣电平和使用粒子群优化算法（PSO）控制零陷的线性阵几何综合方法。PSO是一种最新开发的高性能优化算法，它能解决一般的N维线性和非线性优化问题。与遗传算法和模拟退火等其他进化算法相比，PSO算法更易于理解和实现，并且要求最少的数学预处理。针对以旁瓣抑制（SLL）和／或在特定方向放置零陷为目标的优化问题，首先提出了阵列几何综合的公式，然后运用PSO算法来解决单元的位置优化问题。最后给出了3个PSO算法应用的设计实例，且每个实例中的优化目标都易于实现。通过与使用二次规划方法（QPM）获得的结果相比较，验证了PSO算法结果的有效性。     

改造哈勃太空望远镜地面系统以降低操作费用

哈勃太空望远镜（ＨＳＴ）的卫星遥测处理工作主要由专用软件和专用硬件完成，ＨＳＴ地面系统的操作和维护费用都很高。为了在２０００年前使卫星地面系统的操作和维护费用降下来，ＮＡＳＡ已决定改造ＨＳＴ的控制中心系统，从而增强其数据处理能力，降低操作难度，提高系统标准化程度。为此成立了Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ２０００控制中心系统（ＣＣＳ）产品开发工作组，重新设计和开发ＨＳＴ地面系统。ＣＣＳ地面系统的开发包括：前端处理机（     

A Review of Density Holes Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock

Larmor size transient structures with density depletions as large as 99% of ambient solar wind density levels occur commonly upstream of Earth＇s collisionless bow shock. These ＂density holes＂ have a me...