“软性”空间对抗中目标追踪的对准问题研究

分析了开展"软性"空间对抗的技术途径,得出必须实现精确对准目标的有效作用面的结论,提出了一种对非合作目标进行成像、解算视轴与有效作用面夹角、然后对本体进行轨道机动开展精确对准的策略.该方法的主要过程是在对抗系统完成捕获、瞄准、跟踪后,由目标投影成像结果,展开作用面的图像分割与识别.以侦察卫星的圆筒形目标为例,分别提出了在目标大、小偏角阶段获得轨道机动控制偏差的计算方法.实验证明该方法是在"软性"空间对抗中进行自主寻的的有效途径.     

火星着陆地形信息融合分析技术

文章以火星探测任务为背景,介绍了两种用于实时地形安全性评估的基于多敏感器的地形信息融合分析技术。这些技术综合考虑了影响着陆器安全着陆的多种地形特性信息,如地形粗糙度、坡度等,并且计算简单、处理速度快,能够满足火星着陆实时地形安全分析的要求。     

H∞滤波与粒子滤波在SINS传递对准方面的比较研究

为提高传递对准的精确性和鲁棒性,将H∞滤波和粒子滤波运用到SINS动基座传递对准,并对H∞滤波和粒子滤波应用于传递对准的鲁棒效果进行了比较。仿真结果表明,在有色噪声和白噪声强度较小时,两种滤波方法的滤波精度差别不大,但当有色噪声和白噪声强度较大时,粒子滤波精度优于H∞滤波。并且就估计精度而言,其鲁棒性优于H∞滤波,但H∞滤波的估计速度优于粒子滤波。     

国外空间用三反离轴相机发展分析与思考

空间用三反离轴光学系统自20世纪70年代提出,从90年代开始在多个国家的卫星光学有效载荷中已经或计划得到应用并快速发展,技术基本成熟,领域涉及到对地观测、空间目标探测、天文观测、多光谱热成像、立体测绘等,但是普遍认为制造装调技术比较难.文章通过广泛调研国外三反离轴系统在空间的应用和发展现状,并按应用情况、系统参数和系统构型进行了分类比较,分析其发展趋势,为中国空间相机发展三反离轴光学系统提供借鉴.     

平流层卫星轨道控制系统研究

近年来,各国都在开展研究各类平流层飞行器。平流层卫星是一种新型低成本、低能 耗平流层飞行器,采用气动帆实现轨迹控制,在距离地面35Km高度沿东西方向环绕地球运动 。首先分析了平流层卫星运行的风场环境,给出了平流层卫星的组成以及轨迹控制原理 ,建立了球体运动学模型和气动帆运动学模型,并进行了不同风场条件下的仿真计算。仿真 结果表明：采用气动帆作为轨迹控制系统能够在风场突变干扰下实现平流层卫星南北方向的 稳定控制,确保其沿东西方向轨道运动。     

An Elasto-plastic Damage Constitutive Theory Based on Pair Functional Potentials and Slip Mechanism

 The deformation work rate can be expressed by the time rate of pair functional potentials which describe the energy of mate-rials in terms of atomic bonds and atom embedding interactions. According to Cauchy-Born rule, the relations between the microscopic deformations of atomic bonds and electron gas and macroscopic deformation are established. Further, atomic bonds are grouped according to their directions, and atomic bonds in the same direction are simplified as a spring-bundle component. Atom embedding interactions in unit reference volume are simplified as a cubage component. Consequently, a material model composed of spring-bundle components and a cubage component is established. Since the essence of damage is the decrease and loss of atomic bonding forces, the damage effect can be reflected by the response functions of these two kinds of compo-nents. Formulating the mechanical responses of two kinds of components, the corresponding elasto-damage constitutive equa-tions are derived. Considering that slip is the main plastic deformation mechanism of polycrystalline metals, the slip systems of crystal are extended to polycrystalline, and the slip components are proposed to describe the plastic deformation. Based on the decomposition of deformation gradient and combining the plastic response with the elasto-damage one, the elasto-plastic dam-age constitutive equations are derived. As a result, a material model formulated with spring-bundle components, a cubage component and slip components is established. Different from phenomenological constitutive theories, the mechanical property of materials depends on the property of components rather than that directly obtained on the representative volume element. The effect of finite deformation is taken into account in this model. Parameter calibration procedure and the basic characteris-tics of this model are discussed.     

交替传译人员的认知心理探究

认知心理涉及到心理过程的许有领域，从感觉到知觉、模式识别、注意、意识、学习、记忆、概念形成、思维、回忆、语言、情绪、发展过程等。认知心理可以理解为对感觉输入加以转换、简化、细化、存储、恢复和利用所依赖的所有加工过程。交替传译人员足具备良好认知心理素质和心理调适能力的特殊群体，分析他们的认知心理成分对培养口译人员教学和他们对自身认知心理的了解、把握、提升和应变等都有着十分重要的意义。     

Effects of Nb Content on Yield Strength of NiTiNb Alloys in Martensite State

Two near single-phase NiTiNb alloys—Ni₅₀Ti₄₈Nb₂ and Ni_49.5Ti_46.5Nb₄—are prepared and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests in order to unearth the effects of Nb-atom solid solution in NiTi phase on the yield strength induced by self-accommodation of martensite variants. The results show that the yield strength of near single-phase NiTiNb alloys varies inversely with the amount of Nb-atoms solid-dissolved in NiTi phase. From the results out of the prior and current studies, it can be surmised that the effects of Nb content on the yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state depend on the coaction. Nb solid solution weakening mechanism and β-Nb phase composite strengthening mechanism. This inference might be a satisfactory explanation to the fact that the yield strength of (NiTi)_50–0.5xNb_x alloys in martensite state begins with decline and then rises when the Nb content increases.     

A Review of Density Holes Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock

Larmor size transient structures with density depletions as large as 99% of ambient solar wind density levels occur commonly upstream of Earth＇s collisionless bow shock. These ＂density holes＂ have a me...     

The challenges in long-term altimetry calibration for addressing the problem of global sea level change

Long-term change of the global sea level resulting from climate change has become an issue of great societal interest. The advent of the technology of satellite altimetry has modernized the study of sea level on both global and regional scales. In combination with in situ observations of the ocean density and space observations of Earth’s gravity variations, satellite altimetry has become an essential component of a global observing system for monitoring and understanding sea level change. The challenge of making sea level measurements with sufficient accuracy to discern long-term trends and allow the patterns of natural variability to be distinguished from those linked to anthropogenic forcing rests largely on the long-term efforts of altimeter calibration and validation. The issues of long-term calibration for the various components of the altimeter measurement system are reviewed in the paper. The topics include radar altimetry, the effects of tropospheric water vapor, orbit determination, gravity field, tide gauges, and the terrestrial reference frame. The necessity for maintaining a complete calibration effort and the challenges of sustaining it into the future are discussed.