车辆组合导航定位系统中测量元件的参数修正

阐述了GPS(Global Positioning System)/DRS(Dead Reckoning System)/MM(Map Matching)车辆组合导航定位系统组成和车辆定位算法,提出了利用Kalman滤波和非Kalman滤波算法修正测量元件参数,解决了测量元件参数的漂移问题.仿真实验表明该方法具有较好的修正效果.      

L-D分解求逆法在联邦卡尔曼滤波中的应用

求逆是联邦卡尔曼滤波算法中数据融合的关键步骤.它的计算精度的高低和运算速度的快慢将直接影响到整个滤波算法的成功与否.经过数字仿真,把矩阵分析中的L-D分解算法运用到联邦卡尔曼滤波中的矩阵求逆当中能得到良好的效果,不但运算速度和精度有提高,整个滤波算法的容错性也有明显改善.      

“希望一号”卫星热平衡试验的误差分析

为研究卫星热平衡试验误差,建立“希望一号”卫星热试验的联合热数学模型,对热平衡试验进行模拟,并与理想状态进行比较,发现仪器试验温度值在低温工况中偏低13～20 ℃,高温工况中偏低11～17 ℃;高温工况中-Y舱板表面到达热流不均匀度高达27.3%。此外,分析了热试验中热沉的温度、表面发射率、与卫星的表面积比,支架的导热、辐射漏热,电缆的导热、辐射漏热,以及热流计温度测量误差对卫星温度场的影响。     

先进镁合金材料及其在航空航天领域中的应用

文章介绍了上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心在先进镁合金材料与成型工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了JDM1和JDM2两种镁合金新材料的显微组织与强化机制,详细介绍了涂层转移精密铸造技术、大型铸件低压铸造技术、大型锻件成型技术和表面超声波阳极氧化技术等4种镁合金成型新工艺,最后介绍了JDM1和JDM2合金及成型新工艺在我国航空航天领域中的应用。     

直纹面叶轮刀具轨迹规划的研究(英文)

At present, most commercial computer-aided manufacturing （CAM） systems are deficient in efficiency and performances on generating tool path during machining impellers. To solve the problem, this article develops a special software to plan cutting path for ruled surface impellers. An approximation algorithm to generate cutting path for machining integral ruled surface impellers is proposed. By fitting sampling data points of an impeller blade into a curve, a model of ruled surface blade of an impeller is built up. Furthermore, by calculating the points where the cutter axis vector intersects the free-form hub surface of an impeller, problems about, for instance, the ambiguity in calculation and machining the wide blade surface with a short flute cutter are solved. Finally, an integral impeller cutting path is planned by way of an integrated cutter location control algorithm. Simulation and machining tests with an impeller are performed on a 5-axis computer numerically controlled （CNC） mill machine, which shows the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

An introduction of mountain-based GPS radio occultation experiments in China

The mountain-based GPS radio occultation is a novel approach to lower atmospheric profiling. The experiments of the mountain-based GPS radio occultation were conducted on the top of Mt. Yaogu (29.38°N, 113.68°E, ∼1240 m) on December 17, 2003, and on the top of Mt. Jiugong (29.39°N, 114.65°E, ∼1550 m) on July 24, 2004. Based on these observation data, the scientific data processing software has been developed and is used to retrieve successfully the atmospheric refractivity profiles. The validation experiment was performed on the top of Mt. Wuling (40.60°N, 117.48°E, ∼2118 m) during August 1–29, 2005. Collocated automatic weather station and the radiosondes nearby were operated simultaneously for the comparison campaign. Results show that the radio occultation technique obtained about 40 profiles every day with the receiver antenna pointing to the south. Comparisons show that the refractivity measured by occultation agree well with those by the radiosondes, but not well with those by the automatic weather station due to their much different geographic locations of measurements. Results of these experiments suggest that the mountain-based GPS radio occultation is an economic reliable novel technique monitoring temporal and spatial variations of local lower atmospheric environments.     

载人航天器舱内气压下降时的空气强制对流换热

为了在载人航天器的热控制中评估舱内气压下降对空气强制对流换热能力的影响,分析了空气流动参数和物性参数随舱内气压的变化规律,指出了已有的经验关联式中压力和换热系数的关系,并用数值方法进行了验证。分析结果表明空气强制对流的换热能力随舱内气压的下降而下降,当气压低于3.04×104Pa后,空气强制对流对设备散热的贡献已经非常有限。     

基于虚拟现实Stewart平台遥操作系统

针对基于虚拟现实的遥操作Stewart平台设计了虚拟系统.介绍了虚拟系统的驱动算法的原理.该算法首先建立合适的坐标系,通过一系列的空间坐标变换,解决了平台和6根杆的运动一致问题.采用基于L-M(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法的BP(Backpropagation Algorithm)神经网络来解决平台位置正解的问题,经过检验,证明该网络具有很好的泛化性能.采用了层次化的包围盒技术,每个节点建立轴向包围盒,来解决虚拟环境中的虚拟模型的碰撞检测问题.设计了一种简单的控制策略来解决大时延的稳定性问题.在机器人本地控制器的设计中采用离散化的微分跟踪器来保证机器人本地控制的稳定性和良好的动态性能,最后通过试验验证了本系统的有效性.      

基于OEM板的GPS罗盘设计

GPS罗盘是一种基于载波相位测姿原理的航向测量装置。对低成本GPS测姿定向设备的研制进行了尝试,介绍了一种基于OEM板开发的低成本GPS罗盘的设计和实现。GPS罗盘由2个GPSOEM板得到载波相位观测值,对其进行双差计算后,利用天线交换法消除整周模糊度解算出基线向量的方向,当基线向量沿载体纵轴时即得到载体的航向。通过GPS接收机的静态收星实验以及对设计出的GPS罗盘实验样机进行静态性能测试,试验结果表明该设计方案可行、有效。     

线振动下惯导平台参数辨识的实现

研究了软性连接条件下线振动试验辨识惯导平台陀螺参数的方法。由于在此条件下原始模型不便用于辨识参数,为此提出了平台漂移的平均模型。对比静态模型指出了线振动对模型参数辨识的实质作用。由于利用平均模型来辨识平台参数存在参数冗余的局限性,因此利用两组不同幅值的线振动试验数据来进行辨识。最后验证了这种辨识方案不仅避免了静态条件下高阶陀螺参数难以收敛的问题,同时也解决了平均模型中参数冗余的局限性问题。