反射激波作用下重气柱界面演化的PIV研究

在水平激波管中采用PIV方法研究了反射激波作用下SF6重气柱界面的发展演化。采用射流方法形成SF6无膜气柱界面,并以乙二醇作为示踪粒子。利用连续激光片光源结合高速摄影相机对流场进行显示,得到了反射激波作用下SF6气柱界面的发展过程。结果表明,入射激波的冲击会在界面上产生反向旋转的涡环结构,而反射激波的作用会在界面上产生与初始涡环旋转方向相反的次级涡环结构。此外,对反射激波作用后的流场图像进行PIV后处理,获得了流场连续的速度场和涡量场。获得的环量与已有的理论模型进行比较,取得了较好的一致性,也验证了本文实验方法的可行性。     

镀钛金刚石钎焊界面微区结构分析

采用Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉末在加热温度920 ℃保温时间8 min条件下真空钎焊镀钛金刚石,运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪综合分析界面微观结构、元素分布特征及新生物相形貌。结果表明,镀钛金刚石镀层并不是单一钛的附着层,而是薄层TiC。钎焊过程中,镀钛金刚石磨粒与Ag-Cu-Ti钎料结合界面出现显微组织分层现象,原镀层与 新生层厚度分别约为0.8 μm和5 μm。新生化合物在镀层表面呈短针状致密生长且有序连成片状,在镀层破损处有长约4 μm,宽约1.5 μm针状物,而在破损边缘处碳化物呈棒状背离镀层侧向生长。原子扩散动力学分析显示镀层晶体结构会限制游离C原子的无规则运动,使得新生TiC均匀分散形核并长大。     

基于深度学习的先进陶瓷零件实时缺陷检测系统

传统先进陶瓷零件检测与分类的主流方法为纯机械尺寸过滤和人工判断,为解决其成本高、失误率高和损坏率高等问题,提出了基于深度学习的多目标实时检测分类模型（Multi-object real-time detection and classification model, MRDC）。该模型以YOLOv3为基础,使用SKNet作为注意力机制进行特征重构提高精确度,配合灰度图快速转化算法与跳帧检测方法提高检测速度,可实现实时缺陷检测。对实际生产中的先进陶瓷零件进行采集训练,多批次采集图像数据,每批数据含多个陶瓷零件的1 000张图像,平均精确率均值达到99.19％,用先进陶瓷零件生产线视频检验,识别分类的正确率达到100％,可以保证每分钟检测450~550个零件。多目标实时检测分类模型拥有识别速度更快、识别准确率更高和零件不易损坏等优点,可极大地节约生产原料与人力成本,减少废品产出。     

基于MSD和ICCP改进的地磁联合匹配算法

如何抑制复杂环境中的航空器惯导误差发散,是实现航空器长航时高精度自主导航的关键。地磁导航是一种全天时、全天候的无源导航方式,其中,匹配算法是地磁匹配导航系统的核心技术。针对等值线匹配均方差（Mean square difference, MSD）算法无法校正航向误差、最近等值线迭代（Iterated closet contour point, ICCP）算法在初始误差较大的情况下易发散、实时性较差的问题,提出了一种改进的地磁联合匹配算法,采用粗精结合的策略,约束精匹配过程搜索范围并缩小初始误差,并在精匹配阶段采用动态窗口技术,提高算法搜索效率和实时性。仿真实验表明,该算法取得了良好的匹配效果,具有精度高、实时性好等优点,能够抑制惯导误差发散,适合航空器长航时工作。     

基于SPH方法的三维液体晃动数值模拟

采用SPH方法对棱形液舱在外加激励作用下,不同充液比工况所对应的舱内液体晃动进行了三维数值模拟,并将其与实验进行对比,两者吻合较好,同时成功地模拟出液体晃动产生的波浪翻卷和破碎,进而验证了SPH方法在求解三维液体晃动问题的准确性。分析结果表明:液舱的充液比及晃动周期对于液体的晃动特性及舱壁的压力有重要的影响,在大充液比情况下,迟滞特性所表现的双峰特征消失。     

随机振动下小导管的疲劳分析

运用有限元软件对小导管进行模态和随机振动计算分析,有限元计算值与试验值相比,误差在合理范围内.基于有限元计算结果,运用总体损伤疲劳理论对导管进行了疲劳分析,计算结果表明导管的疲劳寿命满足要求,为小导管的研制提供了理论依据.     

改进的等残余高度加工自由曲面刀具路径生成算法

提出了改进的等残余高度算法用于加工自由曲面刀具路径生成。算法在生成相邻刀具路径轨迹时分两步,首先根据当前刀具路径轨迹,采用了Newton-Raphson迭代法精确求取刀具运动包络体上的点到自由曲面的距离,结合给出的Newton迭代法的迭代角度初值计算方法,精确求取满足要求的等残余高度点构成等残余高度线;然后根据求取的等残余高度线精确求取相邻刀具路径轨迹,求取过程类似。验证实例表明,该方法可极大地减少刀具路径轨迹长度,均匀曲面加工残余高度,提高曲面加工质量。     

复杂系统混沌行为判别与混沌时间序列的分形建模

提出了以有限维自由度及Lyapunov指数联合分析为判据的复杂系统混沌行为判别方法．避免了判别过程中将纯随机行为及复杂确定性线性行为误判为混沌行为。以球磨机矿浆流量为例,在相空间重构的基础上对系统关联维数进行了分析．验证了系统具有有限维自由度。通过Lyapunov指数分析考察了系统的时空演化特性并验证了系统的初值敏感性,从而分析出该流量具有确定性与随机性相互统一的混沌运动特征。利用Hurst指数通过分形内插算法对流量信号进行了精确重构,建立了一种可准确重演系统时空变化规律的模型．     

Modelling and simulation of flight control electromechanical actuators with special focus on model architecting,multidisciplinary effects and power flows

In the aerospace field, electromechanical actuators are increasingly being implemented in place of conventional hydraulic actuators. For safety-critical embedded actuation applications like flight controls, the use of electromechanical actuators introduces specific issues related to thermal balance, reflected inertia, parasitic motion due to compliance and response to failure. Unfortu-nately, the physical effects governing the actuator behaviour are multidisciplinary, coupled and nonlinear. Although numerous multi-domain and system-level simulation packages are now avail-able on the market, these effects are rarely addressed as a whole because of a lack of scientific approaches for model architecting, multi-purpose incremental modelling and judicious model implementation. In this publication, virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuators is addressed using the Bond-Graph formalism. New approaches are proposed to enable incremental modelling, thermal balance analysis, response to free-run or jamming faults, impact of compliance on parasitic motion, and influence of temperature. A special focus is placed on friction and compliance of the mechanical transmission with fault injection and temperature dependence. Aileron actuation is used to highlight the proposals for control design, energy consumption and thermal analysis, power net-work pollution analysis and fault response.     

Three-dimensional analysis of relationship between relative orientation and motion modes

Target motion modes have a close relationship with the relative orientation of missile-totarget in three-dimensional highly maneuvering target interception. From the perspective of relationship between the sensor coordinate system and the target body coordinate system, a basic model of sensor is stated and the definition of relative angular velocity between the two coordinate systems is introduced firstly. Then, the three-dimensional analytic expressions of relative angular velocity for different motion modes are derived and simplified by analyzing the influences of target centroid motion, rotation around centroid and relative motion. Finally, the relationships of the relative angular velocity directions and values with motion modes are discussed. Simulation results validate the rationality of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that there are significant differences of the relative orientation in different motion modes which include luxuriant information about motion modes. The conclusions are significant for the research of motion mode identification,maneuver detection, maneuvering target tracking and interception using target signatures.