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991.
E. C. Stone R. E. Vogt F. B. McDonald B. J. Teegarden J. H. Trainor J. R. Jokipii W. R. Webber 《Space Science Reviews》1977,21(3):355-376
A cosmic-ray detector system (CRS) has been developed for the Voyager mission which will measure the energy spectrum of electrons from 3–110 MeV and the energy spectra and elemental composition of all cosmic-ray nuclei from hydrogen through iron over an energy range from 1–500 MeV/nuc. Isotopes of hydrogen through sulfur will be resolved from 2–75 MeV/nuc. Studies with CRS data will provide information on the energy content, origin and acceleration process, life history, and dynamics of cosmic rays in the galaxy, and contribute to an understanding of the nucleosynthesis of elements in the cosmic-ray sources. Particular emphasis will be placed on low-energy phenomena that are expected to exist in interstellar space and are known to be present in the outer Solar System. This investigation will also add to our understanding of the transport of cosmic rays, Jovian electrons, and low-energy interplanetary particles over an extended region of interplanetary space. A major contribution to these areas of study will be the measurement of three-dimensional streaming patterns of nuclei from H through Fe and electrons over an extended energy range, with a precision that will allow determination of anisotropies down to 1%. The required combination of charge resolution, reliability and redundance has been achieved with systems consisting entirely of solid-state charged-particle detectors.Principal Investigator of the Voyager Cosmic Ray Experiment. 相似文献
992.
G. K. Parks C. Gurgiolo C. S. Lin K. A. Anderson R. P. Lin F. Martel H. Réme 《Space Science Reviews》1978,22(6):765-776
This article presents some of the new and important particle features that have been detected in the energy range 1 keV to 290 keV by the ISEE-1 and -2 spacecraft near the magnetopause, bow shock, and the interplanetary space. Only examples of data from the first few orbits, when the spacecraft were on the front side, are shown.Paper presented at 13th ESLAB Symposium, Innsbruck, Austria (June 5, 1978). 相似文献
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995.
E. Hilsenrath M. R. Schoeberl A. R. Douglass P. K. Bhartia J. Barnett R. Beer J. Waters M. Gunson L. Froidevaux J. Gille P. F. Levelt 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):417-430
Aura, the last of the large EOS observatories, was launched on July~15, 2004. Aura is designed to make comprehensive stratospheric
and tropospheric composition measurements from its four instruments, HIRDLS, MLS, OMI and TES. These four instruments work
in synergy to provide data on ozone trends, air quality and climate change. The instruments observe in the nadir and limb
and provide the best horizontal and vertical resolution ever achieved from space. After over one year in orbit the instruments
are nearly operational and providing data to the scientific community. We summarize the mission, instruments, and initial
results and give examples of how Aura will provide continuity to earlier chemistry missions. 相似文献
996.
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber N. U. Crooker A. Balogh V. Bothmer R. J. Forsyth P. Gazis J. T. Gosling T. Horbury A. Kilchenmann I. G. Richardson J. D. Richardson P. Riley L. Rodriguez R. von Steiger P. Wurz T. H. Zurbuchen 《Space Science Reviews》2006,123(1-3):177-216
While interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are understood to be the heliospheric counterparts of CMEs, with signatures
undeniably linked to the CME process, the variability of these signatures and questions about mapping to observed CME features
raise issues that remain on the cutting edge of ICME research. These issues are discussed in the context of traditional understanding,
and recent results using innovative analysis techniques are reviewed. 相似文献
997.
Radar: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Elachi M. D. Allison L. Borgarelli P. Encrenaz E. Im M. A. Janssen W. T. K. Johnson R. L. Kirk R. D. Lorenz J. I. Lunine D. O. Muhleman S. J. Ostro G. Picardi F. Posa C. G. Rapley L. E. Roth R. Seu L. A. Soderblom S. Vetrella S. D. Wall C. A. Wood H. A. Zebker 《Space Science Reviews》2004,115(1-4):71-110
The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will provide information on relative elevations in selected areas. Surfaces of the Saturn’s icy satellites will be explored utilizing the RADAR radiometer and scatterometer modes. Saturn’s atmosphere and rings will be probed in the radiometer mode only. The instrument is a joint development by JPL/NASA and ASI. The RADAR design features significant autonomy and data compression capabilities. It is expected that the instrument will detect surfaces with backscatter coefficient as low as −40 dB.RADAR Team LeaderThis revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
998.
999.
D. McComas F. Allegrini F. Bagenal P. Casey P. Delamere D. Demkee G. Dunn H. Elliott J. Hanley K. Johnson J. Langle G. Miller S. Pope M. Reno B. Rodriguez N. Schwadron P. Valek S. Weidner 《Space Science Reviews》2008,140(1-4):261-313
The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons will measure the interaction between the solar wind and ions created by atmospheric loss from Pluto. These measurements provide a characterization of the total loss rate and allow us to examine the complex plasma interactions at Pluto for the first time. Constrained to fit within minimal resources, SWAP is optimized to make plasma-ion measurements at all rotation angles as the New Horizons spacecraft scans to image Pluto and Charon during the flyby. To meet these unique requirements, we combined a cylindrically symmetric retarding potential analyzer with small deflectors, a top-hat analyzer, and a redundant/coincidence detection scheme. This configuration allows for highly sensitive measurements and a controllable energy passband at all scan angles of the spacecraft. 相似文献
1000.
The THEMIS Fluxgate Magnetometer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H. U. Auster K. H. Glassmeier W. Magnes O. Aydogar W. Baumjohann D. Constantinescu D. Fischer K. H. Fornacon E. Georgescu P. Harvey O. Hillenmaier R. Kroth M. Ludlam Y. Narita R. Nakamura K. Okrafka F. Plaschke I. Richter H. Schwarzl B. Stoll A. Valavanoglou M. Wiedemann 《Space Science Reviews》2008,141(1-4):235-264