INTESPACE试验中心为阿里安娜-V型火箭而进行的改造

文章介绍了法国宇航环境工程试验中心(INTESPACE)为满足阿里安娜-V的需要所准备进行的一系列改造.这些工作主要有:增建一个适合大型容器用的空气锁,保持厅内连续的10万级洁净度,建立一个紧凑试验区域,建造一面强效吸波墙,扩展振动设备能力以及改造原热真空设备.这些工作计划于2001年初全部完成.改造工作的完成将保证INTESPACE在独立的欧洲试验中心中继续处于领先地位.     

太空镜头

丹·塔尼是国际空间站上的随机工程师,在空间站进行过4次太空行走,绕地环行时拍了大约6000至7000张照片,目前与妻子和两个孩子在休斯顿生活。2008年2月,在国际空间站上生活了4个月后,他为NPR（美国国内公用无线电台）的一档节目“我相信”投稿,将稿件的录音传回了地球。他在太空告诉我们：他看到了完整的、唯一的地球。我们一定要保护好地球家园。     

减少鸟撞——新型雷达网使空域更安全

引言在美国航空公司l549航班坠机后,即使普通大众都明白鸟撞的危险。对于哈德逊奇迹,如果没有机组人员的职业操守和救助者的支持,结果或许就不是创造了奇迹而是酿成了悲剧。不幸的是其他的鸟撞损失就不     

丛林奇葩：玛雅文明的新发现——玛雅文明的骤灭

时间是公元10世纪左右，在玛雅人居住的平原中部大部分地区的城市中心，开始出现了这种情况：居民们仿佛一夜间死亡，或突然消失了。其原因不得而知，大型建筑物上没有一点迹象反映，玛雅记事的日历墙上也没有标明，鼎盛时代的社会突然经历了衰退变化。不久前还繁荣昌盛的文明究竟怎么了？这种骤灭的发生是否是个意外？情况正如考古学家埃尼克·顿姆索指出的那样，建筑物突然停工，以致专门为某个大厦做地基的石块还闲置在那里，而在瓦沙克杜的一个庙宇，显然还没有完工。     

防务市场疑云笼罩，民用市场乘势起航——《航空周刊》TPC榜单分析

今年5月，《航空周刊》发布了最新的TPC榜单，全面反映了2012年航空航天和国防领域内各企业的综合表现。2012年，虽然全行业取得了创纪录的2％的营业收入和4％的利润增长，但这主要得益于不断攀升的民用市场，而国防工业则经历了相对惨淡的一年。     

在尘埃中诞生的新太阳系

我们的太阳系可能不是孤独的,两位观察到环绕着几颗年轻恒星的尘埃环的美国天文学家说.这些环有“缝隙”,两位天文学家声称这是沿这些恒星规道运行的类似于木星的行星造成的.     

Cardiovascular effects of simulated zero-gravity in humans

Head-down and head-up [correction of heat-up] tilted bedrest (5 degrees) and head out water immersion (HOWI) for 6 hr were compared. Parameters: Cardiac output (rebreathing method), blood pressure (arm cuff), forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography), total peripheral (TPR), and forearm vascular (FVR) resistances, Hct, Hb, relative plasma volume (PV) changes, and plasma catecholamines (single-isotope assay). During HOWI there was as expected a decrement in TPR, FVR, Mean arterial pressure (MAP, from 100 to 80 mmHg), Hct, and PV, and--as a new finding--catecholamines, which were 30-50% lower compared with both +5 and -5 degrees bedrest. During head down tilt, MAP was elevated (to 100-110 mmHg) and catecholamines did not fall, while TPR and EVR slowly decreased over 6 hr. HOWI is a stronger stimulus than -5 degrees bedrest, probably because HOWI elevates central venous pressure more markedly emptying the peripheral veins, while bedrest permits a distension of veins, which induces an increase in sympathetic nervous activity.     

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies--in addition to human experimentation--the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.     

Italy's contribution, from a medical standpoint, to the space safety of payload scientists, and perspectives for the future

In Italy, the selection of the Italian payload scientists has been performed according to the Spacelab Program of ESA. Twenty-four subjects underwent a screening performed by the Health Service of Italian Air Force. They were requested to pass an exercise test on treadmill and another ten-minute test on centrifuge, subject to the effect of +3 Gz. The authors briefly describe the results of the test. Noteworthy is the determination of Central Flicker Fusion Frequency. This parameter makes it possible to assess the endurance level of the subject, much earlier than other techniques (e.g. EKG). The importance of an accurate preliminary screening is emphasized as well as of successive training periods. Future studies will be undertaken to compare evoked cortical potentials with behaviour parameters of space safety, with a view to setting up a subtle tool of evaluation for both future candidates and payload scientists.     

On the possibility of Earth-type habitable planets in the 55 Cancri system

We discuss the possibility of Earth-type planets in the planetary system of 55 Cancri, a nearby G8 V star, which is host to two, possibly three, giant planets. We argue that Earth-type planets around 55 Cancri are in principle possible. Several conditions are necessary. First, Earth-type planets must have formed despite the existence of the close-in giant planet(s). In addition, they must be orbitally stable in the region of habitability considering that the stellar habitable zone is relatively close to the star compared to the Sun because of 55 Cancri's low luminosity and may therefore be affected by the close-in giant planet(s). We estimate the likelihood of Earth-type planets around 55 Cancri based on the integrated system approach previously considered, which provides a way of assessing the long-term possibility of photosynthetic biomass production under geodynamic conditions.