高超声速化学非平衡粘性激波层方程的数值解

本文讨论了高超声速粘性激波层方程数值计算时差分格式引起的物理失真问题。具体分析了全隐格式格式粘性的影响,并作了数值试验。为了验证隐式结果的可靠性。在超声速激波风洞中测量了钝锥的表面压力分布,并与计算结果作了比较,两者基本一致。 本文采用隐式有限差分法数值计算了高超声速化学非平衡粘性激波层绕细长球锥的流动。计算时采用连续方程和法向动量方程耦合求解的方法以解决细长体远后身区计算中的问题。应用网格技术和加强系数矩阵主对角元素优势的方法提高了化学非平衡流计算的雷诺数范围。文中给出了高超声速化学非平衡流的计算结果,并与其它文献的结果作了比较。     

Mercury’s Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere

The existence of a surface-bounded exosphere about Mercury was discovered through the Mariner 10 airglow and occultation experiments. Most of what is currently known or understood about this very tenuous atmosphere, however, comes from ground-based telescopic observations. It is likely that only a subset of the exospheric constituents have been identified, but their variable abundance with location, time, and space weather events demonstrate that Mercury’s exosphere is part of a complex system involving the planet’s surface, magnetosphere, and the surrounding space environment (the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field). This paper reviews the current hypotheses and supporting observations concerning the processes that form and support the exosphere. The outstanding questions and issues regarding Mercury’s exosphere stem from our current lack of knowledge concerning the surface composition, the magnetic field behavior within the local space environment, and the character of the local space environment.     

Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

驾驶员模型建模精度分析方法研究

针对频域内驾驶员描述函数和辨识方法和最小二乘的驾驶员模型参数的估计方法，按照严谨公式的规范条件建立了驾驶员模型建模精度评介公式，并对驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务时的仿真结果和驾驶员模型辨识结果进行了精度检验计算，同时还探讨了提高建模精度的有关技术问题。     

WHISPER, A RESONANCE SOUNDER AND WAVE ANALYSER: PERFORMANCES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE CLUSTER MISSION

The WHISPER sounder on the Cluster spacecraft is primarily designed to provide an absolute measurement of the total plasma density within the range 0.2–80 cm^-3. This is achieved by means of a resonance sounding technique which has already proved successful in the regions to be explored. The wave analysis function of the instrument is provided by FFT calculation. Compared with the swept frequency wave analysis of previous sounders, this technique has several new capabilities. In particular, when used for natural wave measurements (which cover here the 2–80 kHz range), it offers a flexible trade-off between time and frequency resolutions. In the basic nominal operational mode, the density is measured every 28 s, the frequency and time resolution for the wave measurements are about 600 Hz and 2.2 s, respectively. Better resolutions can be obtained, especially when the spacecraft telemetry is in burst mode. Special attention has been paid to the coordination of WHISPER operations with the wave instruments, as well as with the low-energy particle counters. When operated from the multi-spacecraft Cluster, the WHISPER instrument is expected to contribute in particular to the study of plasma waves in the electron foreshock and solar wind, to investigations about small-scale structures via density and high-frequency emission signatures, and to the analysis of the non-thermal continuum in the magnetosphere.     

大型柔性空间结构的状态估计及变结构控制

本文研究大型柔性空间结构作单轴大角度操纵时的状态估计及变结构控制方法。所建立指数律的状态观测器,实现了以较少传感器估计系统弹性振动模态的目的。利用状态观测器的状态及系统输出变量反馈方法,设计了大型空间结构的动态输出变结构控制律。针对一个实际模型仿真计算,得到了满意的结果。     

飞机结构部件飞行载荷估算方法研究

介绍一种考虑飞机各部件间相互影响（干扰）的气动载荷估算方法。把该方法用于估算全动平尾的飞行载荷,并用它估算了Ｆ－７全动平尾在对称机动情况下的飞行载荷,且与飞行实侧载荷作了比较。结果表明,估算和实测载荷相差１０％左右。这种估算方法,在飞机设计阶段,可用于估算飞机其它部件（机翼、垂尾等）飞行载荷。     

驾驶员结构模型参数辨识

给出一种驾驶员结构模型的参数辨识方法：根据人—机实时仿真试验测量的驾驶员描述函数,按最小二乘准则辨识驾驶员模型参数。推导出驾驶员结构模型的灵敏度公式,用于参数辨识过程,使计算方便、收敛性改善。针对驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务的人—机仿真试验结果,进行了实例计算,表明该方法是一种确定驾驶员结构模型参数的简单实用的方法     

大型载人空间基础设施商业化运营模式初探

为提高以空间站为代表的大型载人空间基础设施运行效率和运营效益,本文在研究国际空间站(ISS)在轨运营模式及商业化做法的基础上,针对我国现有空间基础设施的在轨运营特点、国家战略和社会商业化需求,提出了引入社会资本建立商业化运营模式和建立商业成果转化基金等建议,成立专门的商业化运营管理机构,进行统筹管理和商业化运营,探索形成一套职责清晰、高质高效、效益突出的商业化运营管理体系,既保证空间基础设施在轨健康运行,高效开展各类空间应用,又降低建设和运营成本。在孕育商业模式和创新项目促进经济社会发展的同时,也具有重要的现实意义和深远的社会效益。     

雷达信号脉内特征的小波分析

提出利用小波分析的方法分析雷达信号脉内特征，介绍了小波变换的方法并分析了利用小波变换的方法分析雷达信号脉内特征的可行性。对几种雷达信号进行了小波变换的模拟分析。结果表明，小波变换是分析雷达信号脉内特征的有力工具。