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651.
The defruiter that is employed in the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) to prefilter asynchronous replies has a complex impact on the detection, estimation and validation properties of the detection subsystem. Its positive and negative effects are quantitatively enumerated via a simulation of the beacon processing subsystem of the Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS III). It is concluded that the disadvantages of using the present-day defruiter in the ARTS III digital processing channel outweigh the advantages when fruit rates are below several thousand per scan. As an alternative to the total elimination of the defruiter a more general class of preprocessors is defined and their input-output relationships are derived using a Markov Chain formulation. These are found to represent an improvement over the current defruiter in that the positive effects of defruiting are retained while some of the negative effects are reduced. 相似文献
652.
The resolution and tracking of radar targets which are close to. gether is a classical problem which is receiving increased attention. Improving the angular resolution by sampling the received wave front along the aperture and then applying modern "high resolution" spectrum estimation techniques (e. g., maximum likelihood and maximum entropy processing) to the spatial sample data is discussed. Experimental results are presented for the application ion of these techniques to field data from a L- band line array. 相似文献
653.
Charles F. Lillie Charles W. Hord Kevin Pang David L. Coffeen James E. Hansen 《Space Science Reviews》1977,21(2):159-181
The Voyager Photopolarimeter Experiment is designed to determine the physical properties of particulate matter in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and the Rings of Saturn by measuring the intensity and linear polarization of scattered sunlight at eight wavelengths in the 2350–7500 Å region of the spectrum. The experiment will also provide information on the texture and probable composition of the surfaces of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn and the properties of the sodium cloud around Io. During the planetary encounters a search for optical evidence of electrical discharges (lightning) and auroral activity will also be conducted. 相似文献
654.
Cole S.N. Sjoberg E.S. Fanuele M.A. Rittenbach O.E. Olesch R.G. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1979,(5):594-599
The environment and radar operation simulator (EROS) is a hardware system whose function is to produce realistic synthetic radar backscatter, incorporating both target and clutter. The simulator is electrically connected to a subject radar and responds in real time to the radar's antenna scan angle by producing the correct composite video signal. 相似文献
655.
G.E. Brueckner 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(9):101-115
The intensity of continua and emission lines which form the solar UV spectrum below 2100 Å is variable. Continua and emission lines originating from different layers in the solar atmosphere show a different degree of variability. Coronal emission lines at short wavelengths are much more variable than continua at longer wavelengths which originate in lower layers of the solar atmosphere. Typical time-scales of solar UV variability are minutes (flare induced), days (birth of active regions), 27 days (solar rotation), 11 years (solar cycle) and perhaps centuries, caused by long-term changes of the solar activity. UV intensity variations have been determined by either absolute irradiance measurements or by contrast measurements of plages vs. the quiet sun. Plages are the main contributor to the solar UV variability. Typical values for the solar UV variability over a solar cycle are: <1% at wavelengths longer than 2100 Å, 8% at 2080 Å (continuum), 20% at 1900 Å (continuum), 70% at H Lyα, 200% in certain emission lines 1200 < λ < 1800 Å and more than a factor of 4 in coronal lines λ < 1000 Å. Plage models predict the variable component of the solar UV radiation within ±50%. Absolute fluxes are known within ±30%. Several efforts are underway to monitor the solar UV irradiance with a precision better than a few percent over a solar activity cycle. 相似文献
656.
M.J. Smith J.B. Gregory A.H. Manson C.E. Meek R. Schminder D. Ku¨rschner K. Labitzke 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(10):173-176
The global developments of the four stratospheric events (~20–50 km) are described, using balloon, satellite and rocket data. Winds data for heights of 60–95 km, derived from L.F. drift (52°N, 15°E; Europe) and M.F. radar (52°N, 107°W; Canada), are then compared with the stratospheric data. There is clear evidence that the preliminary planetary waves often penetrate strongly to ~90 km, and that mean wind reversals also occur. However, there are dramatic differences between European and Canadian mesospheric responses. 相似文献
657.
M.G. Kivelson K.W. Behannon T.E. Cravens I. de Pater T.V. Johnson D.L. Matson H. Masursky D.J. Southwood V.M. Vasyliunas 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(3):5-14
A was presented in conjunction with the Twenty-fourth Plenary Meeting of the Committee on Space Research. This paper summarizes the talks presented and places the remaining papers of this volume in context. 相似文献
658.
J Kiefer S Rase F Schopfer E Schneider K Weber G Kraft 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(8):115-125
The action of heavy ions (Ar to U) accelerated to specific energies up to about 10 MeV/u (u=atomic mass unit) on different functions of yeast cells was studied. Ribosomal-RNA synthesis is inhibited according to a single-hit mechanism. Inactivation cross-sections were linearly related to the ratio of the squares of the effective charge Z* and the velocity of the ions. It is concluded from the analysis that the range of the most energetic delta-electrons is larger than previously assumed. There is no such dependence for survival and induction of mutants. In both cases cross-sections increase with the ion's specific-energy indicating an important contribution of long-range delta-electrons. The analysis shows that diploid yeast is not killed by a single-hit mechanism even by very heavy ions if the track width is too small. The relative importance of the penumbral region is even more pronounced with the more sensitive strains. 相似文献
659.
The theoretical basis and methods of implementation of a moment algorithm for the range separation estimation of two closely spaced point targets are presented. Moment estimation and noise filtering techniques introduced here result in a considerable improvement over Baum's algorithm. The error bounds are established and it is shown that the spectral moment estimator exhibits optimum (zero bias, minimum variance) performance when the target separation normalized to the standard deviation of the Gaussian pulse is 2?1.5. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to verify the approximations made and to demonstrate the feasibility of the working models. 相似文献
660.
G.E. Thomas 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(12):127-130
It is often observed that the stratospheric and mesospheric temperature structure undergoes transient disturbances from its averaged steady-state behavior. The causes may be traceable to gravity waves, planetary waves, solar proton and relativistic electron precipitation, etc. We examine the theoretical time behavior of the atmospheric temperature following the cessation of such heating phenomena as it relaxes toward its quiescent steady-state value. We also study the time-dependent response during a model stratospheric-warming/mesospheric-cooling event. In particular, we investigate the roles of eddy heat conduction, non-LTE cooling in the 15μm CO2 band, and an ambient vertical wind, and their relative importance as they depend upon altitude and time, in modifying temperature changes in this region. 相似文献