全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8719篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
国内免费 | 31篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 4040篇 |
航天技术 | 3033篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
航天 | 1689篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 58篇 |
2018年 | 185篇 |
2017年 | 125篇 |
2016年 | 131篇 |
2015年 | 67篇 |
2014年 | 205篇 |
2013年 | 256篇 |
2012年 | 249篇 |
2011年 | 373篇 |
2010年 | 263篇 |
2009年 | 405篇 |
2008年 | 433篇 |
2007年 | 266篇 |
2006年 | 197篇 |
2005年 | 229篇 |
2004年 | 224篇 |
2003年 | 262篇 |
2002年 | 181篇 |
2001年 | 286篇 |
2000年 | 167篇 |
1999年 | 203篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 144篇 |
1996年 | 226篇 |
1995年 | 264篇 |
1994年 | 267篇 |
1993年 | 146篇 |
1992年 | 190篇 |
1991年 | 77篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 196篇 |
1988年 | 79篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 89篇 |
1985年 | 232篇 |
1984年 | 210篇 |
1983年 | 156篇 |
1982年 | 165篇 |
1981年 | 269篇 |
1980年 | 62篇 |
1979年 | 66篇 |
1978年 | 69篇 |
1977年 | 59篇 |
1975年 | 72篇 |
1974年 | 59篇 |
1972年 | 52篇 |
1971年 | 49篇 |
1970年 | 51篇 |
1969年 | 46篇 |
排序方式: 共有8786条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
In the theory of signal detectability, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), defined as the quotient of the average received signal energy and the spectral density of the white Gaussian noise, is a fundamental parameter. For a signal which is exactly known, or known except for a random phase, this ratio uniquely defines the detection performance which can be achieved with a matched filter receiver. However, when the signal amplitude is a random parameter, the detection performance is changed and must be determined from the probability density function (pdf) of the amplitude. Relative to the case of a constant signal amplitude, such signal amplitude fluctuation usually degrades performance when a high probability of detection (Pd) is required, but improves performance at low values of Pd; the corresponding change in the required SNR is the so-called signal fluctuation loss Lf. Thus, since Lf in some cases represents an improvement in performance for low values of Pd, a question of at least theoretical interest is: how large might this improvement be, when the class of all signal amplitude pdf's is considered. The solution, presented here, results in a lower bound on the signal fluctuation loss Lf as a function of Pd, or equivalently an upper bound on Pd as a function of SNR. The corresponding most favorable pdf was determined using the Lagrange multiplier technique and results of a numerical maximization are included to provide insight into the general properties of the solution. 相似文献
172.
The very high frequency (VHF) omnirange has undergone a number of evolutionary changes in the past 30 years. Early measurements of large errors led to the development of the Doppler VHF omnidirectional irectioal range (VOR) and its use. Further developments have been the precision multilobe VOR and the precision Doppler VOR. Interest in area navigation has led to the desire for a VOR greatly superior to any so far developed. Specifically, the objectives of the improved VOR would be a system that would significantly reduce magnitude of siting errors, provide greater accuracy and use digital techniques to simplify processing. ssing. The wide-aperture digital VOR described herein has been developed to meet these objectives. Its design is based on the crossed-pair interferometer principle where eight such pairs are energized successively by a set of pulses and phase shifts. The time multiplexed signal, detected by the aircraft receiver, is processed and simple digital computations are performedto determine the angular coordinates. The performance improvements have been achieved by the combination of using a 275-ft antenna aperture, and the use of digital techniques to generate the ground-radiated navigational signals and to process them in the airborne processor. Field tests of the feasibility model indicate it is a high performance ance system, capable of achieving an order of magnitude improvement in both site error reduction and in accuracy compared to present VOR systems. The measured accuracies were 0.11-degree standard deviation. 相似文献
173.
A. L. Broadfoot B. R. Sandel D. E. Shemansky S. K. Atreya T. M. Donahue H. W. Moos J. L. Bertaux J. E. Blamont J. M. Ajello D. F. Strobel J. C. McConnell A. Dalgarno R. Goody M. B. McElroy Y. L. Yung 《Space Science Reviews》1977,21(2):183-205
The Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is an objective grating spectrometer covering the wavelength range of 500–1700 Å with 10 Å resolution. Its primary goal is the determination of the composition and structure of the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and several of their satellites. The capability for two very different observational modes have been combined in a single instrument. Observations in the airglow mode measure radiation from the atmosphere due to resonant scattering of the solar flux or energetic particle bombardment, and the occultation mode provides measurements of the atmospheric extinction of solar or stellar radiation as the spacecraft enters the shadow zone behind the target. In addition to the primary goal of the solar system atmospheric measurements, the UVS is expected to make valuable contributions to stellar astronomy at wavelengths below 1000 Å. 相似文献
174.
Paulikas G.A. Blake J.B. Imamoto S.S. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1975,(6):1138-1144
The Aerospace Corporation energetic electron-proton spectrometer operating on Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6) detects energetic electrons in four channels between 140 keV and greater than 32 MeV, and measures energetic protons in five energy channels between 2.3 and 80 MeV and energetic alpha particles in three channels between 9.4 and 94 MeV. After more than a year of operation in orbit, the experiment continues to return excellent data on the behavior of energetic magnetospheric electrons as well as information regarding the fluxes of solar protons and alpha particles. 相似文献
175.
176.
Adaptive cancellation method for geometry-induced nonstationary bistatic clutter environments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper describes and characterizes a new bistatic space-time adaptive processing (STAP) clutter mitigation method. The approach involves estimating and compensating aspects of the spatially varying bistatic clutter response in both angle and Doppler prior to adaptive clutter suppression. An important feature of the proposed method is its ability to extract requisite implementation information from the data itself, rather than rely on ancillary - and possibly erroneous or missing - system measurements. We justify the essence of the proposed method by showing its ability to align the dominant clutter subspaces of each range realization relative to a suitably chosen reference point as a means of homogenizing the space-time data set. Moreover, we numerically characterize performance using synthetic bistatic clutter data. For the examples considered herein, the proposed bistatic STAP method leads to maximum performance improvements between 17.25 dB and 20.75 dB relative to traditional STAP application, with average improvements of 6 dB to 10 dB. 相似文献
177.
We present our current knowledge of the solar chemical composition based on the recent significant downward revision of the solar photospheric abundances of the most abundant metals. These new solar abundances result from the use of a 3D hydrodynamic model of the solar atmosphere instead of the classical 1D hydrostatic models, accounting for departures from LTE, and improved atomic and molecular data. With these abundances, the new solar metallicity, Z, decreases to Z=0.012, almost a factor of two lower than earlier widely used values. We compare our values with data from other sources and analyse a number of impacts of these new photospheric abundances. While resolving a number of longstanding problems, the new 3D-based solar photospheric composition also poses serious challenges for the standard solar model as judged by helioseismology. 相似文献
178.
Mitchell A Berger 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):3-14
Coronal loops are heated by the release of stored magnetic energy and by the dissipation of MHD waves. Both of these processes rely on the presence of internal structure in the loop. Tangled or sheared fields dissipate wave energy more efficiently than smooth fields. Also, a highly structured field contains a large reservoir of free magnetic energy which can be released in small reconnection events (microflares and nanoflares). The typical amount of internal structure in a loop depends on the balance between input at the photosphere and dissipation. This paper describes measures of magnetic structure, how these measures relate to the magnetic energy, and how photospheric motions affect the structure of a loop.The magnetic energy released during a reconnection event. can be estimated if one knows the equilibrium energy before and after the event. For a loop with highly tangled field lines, a direct solution of the equilibrium equations may be difficult. However, lower bounds can be placed on the energy of the equilibrium field, given a measure of the tangling known as the crossing number. These bounds lead to an estimate of the buildup of energy in a coronal loop caused by random photospheric motions. Parker's topological dissipation model can plausibly supply the 107 erg cm–2 s–1 needed to heat the active region corona. The heating rate can be greatly enhanced by fragmentation of flux tubes, for example by the breakup of photospheric footpoints and the formation of new footpoints. 相似文献
179.
The continued development of the symmetric measurement equation (SME) filter for track maintenance in multiple target tracking (MTT) is considered, focusing on the case in which the SMEs are generated by forming sums of products of the original position measurements. The SME filter is developed for the case of N targets whose motions consist of random perturbations about constant-velocity trajectories. It is assumed that measurements of x -coordinate positions are available, and that the number of measurements is equal to the number of targets. Various analytical properties of the SME filter are studied. It is shown that under a very weak condition, the estimation error equation is locally exponentially stable. The performance of the SME filter is investigated by comparing it with an optimal (minimum-variance) estimator and by generating a computer simulation in the six-target case 相似文献
180.
This paper deals with the application of modern estimation techniques to the problem of speech data rate reduction. It is desirable to adaptively identify and quantitize the parameters of the speech model. These paramaters cannot be identified and quantized exactly; the performance of the predictor is thereby degraded and this could prevent data reduction. In many cases it is desirable to emply a suboptimal predictor in order to simplify the algorithms, and predictor performance is again degraded. This paper develops sensitivity and error analysis as a potential method for determining quantitatively how speech data reduction system performance is degraded by imprecise parameter knowledge or suboptimal filtering. An intended use of the sensitivity and error analysis algorithms is to determine parameter identification and model structure requirements of configuration concepts for adaptive speech digitizers. First, sensitivity and error analysis algorithms are presented that form the basis for the remainder of the work. The algorithms are then used to determine how imprecise knowledge of vocal tract parameters degrades predictor performance in speech. Transversal filters have previously been proposed for this application. The sensitivity analysis algorithms are then used to determine when and by how much the transverse filter is suboptimal to the Kalman filter. In particular, the question of how effectively a higher order of all-pole model approximates a system with zeros is answered, as this question is of considerable importance in speech. Finally, the physical significance of the innovations process in speech data rate reduction is studied. 相似文献