Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps

Gurney Flaps (GFs) are used for improving the performance of variable speed tail rotors. A validated analytical helicopter model able to predict the main and tail rotor power is utilized. The fixed height GF has substantially small influence on the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed forward flight, and can obtain significant power reduction in high speed flight. This ability can be enhanced by decreasing the tail rotor speed. With the deployment of GF, the collective pitch of the tail rotor decreases, and the maximum tail rotor thrust increases. The GF can compensate the reduction of the maximum thrust by the decrease in the tail rotor speed. The GF with a height of 5% of the chord length can almost remedy 50% of the thrust reduction introduced by decreasing 10% of the tail rotor speed. With the increase of GF height, the maximum thrust generated by the tail rotor increases. The GF with larger height can cause the increase in the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed flight. The retractable GF can obtain more power savings than the fixed height GF. However, the benefit is substantially small even in high speed flight. Considering the side effects introduced by the active GF, the fixed height GF may be more preferable. The mechanism for the retractable GF to generate more tail rotor thrust is to increase the lift in advancing side due to the higher dynamic pressure.     

弹道跟踪数据融合处理的快速算法

针对弹道跟踪数据融合处理中的大计算量环节研究了快速算法。用样条函数表示弹道参数,建立了多测元的联合观测模型和弹道参数的非线性融合计算模型,给出了弹道参数的求解算法,分析了弹道参数融合计算中的大型矩阵运算问题,利用基础线性代数函数库提高了大型矩阵的运算速度。建立了样条模型计算的非线性约束优化模型,给出了确定样条节点位置的优化算法,通过分析样条模型的计算原理设计了并行算法,实现了样条模型的并行化计算。仿真结果表明,弹道参数融合计算和样条模型计算的效率都得到了显著提高,计算时间减少了65.47%,对缩短数据处理周期有重要意义。     

飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号设计的基本要求分析

飞机驾驶舱告警系统对提高飞行员工作效率和保障飞行安全具有重要的作用。本文主要概述了视觉告警信号的设计标准和信息编码的设计规定,并论述了相关标准中对颜色编码和告警字符的设计规定,为飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号的设计提供相关设计参考。     

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

Identification and standardization of maneuvers based upon operational flight data

To find a way of loads analysis from operational flight data for advanced aircraft,maneuver identification and standardization jobs are conducted in this paper. For thousands of sorties from one aircraft, after studying the flight attitude when performing actions, the start and end time of the maneuvers can be determined. According to those time points, various types of maneuvers during the flight are extracted in the form of multi-parameters time histories. By analyzing the numerical range and curve shape of those parameters, a characteristic data library is established to model all types of maneuvers. Based on this library, a computer procedure using pattern-recognition theory is programmed to conduct automatic maneuver identification with high accuracy. In that way, operational loads are classified according to maneuver type. For a group of identified maneuvers of the same type, after the processes of time normalization, trace shifting, as well as averaging and smoothing, the idealization standard time history of each maneuver type is established.Finally, the typical load statuses are determined successfully based on standard maneuvers. The proposed method of maneuver identification and standardization is able to derive operational loads effectively, and might be applied to monitoring loads in Individual Aircraft Tracking Program(IATP).     

基于量子粒子群和流形学习的分类方法及其在发动机故障诊断中的应用

针对测量参数存在的非线性、参数间的耦合性以及噪声干扰,将量子粒子群算法引入到流形学习的参数选择中,结合径向基神经网络,提出了一种故障诊断方法。邻域个数和约简维数是流形学习中的关键问题。结果表明:该方法首先利用量子粒子群算法优选邻域个数、约简维数和径向基函数的参数,再利用等距特征映射(ISOMAP)对原始参数进行非线性降维,提取其低维流形特征,从而进行故障分类。结果表明:该方法能够有效地对发动机各种复合故障进行分类,精度达到97.33%,量子粒子群优于基本粒子群优化的分类结果;其分类精度明显优于主元分析(PCA)、核主元分析(KPCA)方法,且有很强的抗噪能力。     

风机叶片静载荷和模态测试技术

对近期国内外在风机叶片静载荷测试和模态测试方面的研究成果、测试标准和测试机构进行了评述.     

轴对称无人直升机的一种全向控制方法

针对轴对称构型的无人直升机,在速度控制回路的基础上,提出了一种能够保证飞行过程中航向恒定的全向控制方法。通过分析无人直升机的特征值分布、状态响应和操纵响应特性,得到无人直升机在对称轴的法平面内具有各向一致性,具备实现全向控制的条件。提出了将给定速度在对称轴法平面内进行分解,并考虑侧偏修正的全向控制规律。仿真试验表明,全向控制能够精确地跟踪给定航迹,保持飞行过程中的航向恒定,在不转动机体的情况下,实现向各个方向的飞行。方法也可推广到其他类似的轴对称飞行器。     

舰船燃一蒸联合循环的稳态与动态特性分析

燃气-蒸汽联合循环（COGAS）是提高燃气轮机经济性有效途径之一。对舰船燃-蒸联合循环系统建立了数学与仿真模型,对其性能进行分析。由分析结果可知,在高或低工况下,燃气轮机采用燃-蒸联合循环后,其效率都显著提高。