Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

基于火箭橇的无人机碰撞民用飞机试验技术研究

无人机碰撞民用飞机关键部位损伤程度的研究是民航领域关注的新型热点问题。本文首次提出采用 火箭橇试验评估无人机碰撞民用飞机的安全性。通过对碰撞速度、碰撞位置、无人机姿态、参数测量等进行研 究,设计碰撞技术方案,论述火箭橇的设计、弹道控制设计、强度校核和测试方案,并进行试验验证和仿真计算。 结果表明:本文设计的火箭橇碰撞试验方案是可行的,实现了单一弹道上的连续多点碰撞及多视角、全覆盖、高 稳定的全过程记录;可为后续开展同类碰撞试验提供必要的技术参考,所开展的多发次碰撞试验也为无人机碰 撞民用飞机的安全性评估提供了有效的试验数据。     

Dynamics and de-spin control of massive target by single tethered space tug

This paper investigates the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target by a single tethered space tug in the post-capture phase. The dynamic model of the tethered system is derived and simplified to a dimensionless form. Further, a decoupled PD controller is proposed, and the local stability of the controller is analyzed by linearization technique. Parametric studies of the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target are conducted to characterize the dynamic process of de-spin with the proposed control law. It is shown that the massive target can be de-span by a single and small space tug with limited thrust within finite time. The thrust tangent with the tether de-spins the target while the thrust normal to the tether prevents the tether from winding up the target. The tether length has a positive contribution to the de-spin of a target. The longer tether leads to a faster de-spin process.     

旋转对曲率表面气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

通过对旋转状态下曲率通道的气膜冷却现象的流动和换热进行数值模拟,得到了不同旋转数下凸表面和凹表面的冷却效率分布。计算选用剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型,主流雷诺数ReD=4 797,吹风比M=0.4,旋转数Rt=0~0.023 9。研究结果表明,旋转数对冷却效率的影响明显：旋转数的增大使得气膜的轨迹偏转越明显,并且凸表面上气膜轨迹的偏转程度高于凹表面的。凸表面的冷却效率随着旋转数的增加而逐渐减小,而凹表面的冷却效率随着旋转数的增加而递增,并且旋转数的增加会弱化凸表面和凹表面上冷却效率的差别。     

直升机旋翼桨叶的弹性碰撞动力学建模

建立了直升机旋翼桨叶弹性正碰撞的动力学模型,采用有限转动梁理论处理桨叶的弹性变形,利用Hertz接触理论处理局部弹性变形,引入位移协调方程识别弹性碰撞载荷,运用Hamilton原理建立了桨叶正碰撞的动力学方程.通过与Timoshenko算例的对比表明了该方法的正确性,且对集中质量与直升机桨叶的弹性正碰撞问题进行了研究.      

吸气式高超声速飞行器三维后体尾喷管优化设计

三维后体尾喷管是吸气式高超声速飞行器产生推力、升力的关键部件,需要精细设计,最大限度地提升三维膨胀过程中的气动特性。本文在二维后体尾喷管优化设计的基础上,发展了一种三维后体尾喷管的优化设计方法。通过参数化建模、三维喷管计算网格自动生成、空间推进CFD解算器及NSGA-II多目标优化软件等技术手段,对后体尾喷管三维构型进行了多目标优化设计。优化后的三维后体尾喷管与原始喷管相比,推力和升力都得到了较大提升。     

关于变形网格“几何守恒律”概念的讨论

在国内外文献中应用包含有变形的动网格进行流动数值模拟时,要满足所谓的几何守恒律条件;通过对这一概念最早提出推导过程和近年来应用发展情况分析以后发现,逻辑上存在不适当之处.从流体力学基本理论出发,对包含有变形的动网格技术的理论基础进行讨论,证实几何守恒律是流体力学控制方程的伴随方程或退化方程;通过简单模型分析有限体积方法离散过程,发现计算过程中不满足几何守恒律所引起的非物理现象本质上是目前有限体积离散处理中微元体积计算方法不符合物理定律所致;因此在变形动网格计算方法中不存在必须要满足的几何守恒律.最后根据理论提出物理背景清晰的微元体积计算方法,数值验证可行.     

科氏质量流量计非线性振动特性研究(英文)

科氏质量流量计(Coriolis mass flowmeter,CMF)当测量管振动幅度较小时,一般被认为是线性系统,但CMF输出信号频谱中具有倍频成分。结合CMF传感器的数学模型,在适当简化测量管边界条件的情况下,建立了考虑非线性因素和外部激励的直管型CMF测量管运动方程,并运用Galerkin方法对运动方程进行离散处理,由离散后的结果可以看出,系统含有多组非线性影响因素成分。针对测量管的闭环谐振和标准正弦信号受迫振动,分别采用激光测振仪对其振动状态进行测量,测量结果均含有非线性因素成分,证实了非线性分析的准确性;针对测量管的不同振动幅度进行了测量精度实验,验证了测量管振动幅度越大非线性影响越严重。理论分析结果和实验结果对CMF性能的进一步提高具有指导意义。     

2.5维机织复合材料纬向拉伸过程初始屈服准则

2.5维机织复合材料已有较为广泛的应用,而目前对该类复合材料的破坏机理和失效原因尚未形成统一的认识。根据三维机织复合材料的拉伸试验现象,基于经纱曲面层板纬向纤维和树脂应力相等的假设,建立了2.5维机织结构复合材料纬向拉伸过程的初始屈服条件和屈服准则。通过对2.5维机织复合材料3种结构12个试件进行纬向拉伸试验及文献中的三维机织复合材料拉伸试验,与计算预测结果的对比表明本文中建立的初始屈服准则的合理性。研究表明,树脂横向裂纹是2.5维结构复合材料纬向拉伸过程初始屈服产生的直接原因;2.5维机织复合材料出现纬向拉伸屈服的条件仅和经纱曲面板内的经纱体积含量、纤维和基体的弹性模量及基体的拉伸破坏强度等因素有关,而与经纱曲面板的走向和层数无关。因为组分弹性模量不同,在纬向拉伸过程中,树脂应变高于复合材料的应变。树脂的初始横向裂纹首先发生在纤维密集处,并向富树脂区扩展;裂纹在向纤维方向扩展过程中受到纤维的阻碍而受到限制。