飞机装配型架中骨架的数字化设计原理及实现

骨架设计对型架的总体性能和研制进度具有重要的影响。因此,在FixCAD系统的研制中,将骨架的数字化设计方法作为一个主要的问题,开展了专门的研究。但是,由于这些研究未考虑到现在的骨架结构中含有曲轴线和新型材元件的情况,其研究成果已不再适应于这些骨架结构的设计。为此,从对骨架轴线的抽象定义、表示和计算入手,探索和提出全新的骨架数字化设计技术,从根本上解决现有方法存在的局限性。具体包括:(1)根据骨架结构轴线及其设计方法的特点,提出线元、线列和线链等新概念,建立线元逻辑端矢的计算算子;(2)应用所提出的概念和算子,构建骨架的轴线模型、元件端面法矢计算方法、设计过程模型以及元件造型算法等;(3)介绍利用所建立的数据模型和算法技术实现的"骨架数字化设计子系统"及其应用。最后,总结了所介绍的技术特点和意义以及后续研究重点。     

Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury

Mercury is a poorly known planet, since the only space-based information comes from the three fly-bys performed in 1974 by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Ground-based observations also provided some interesting results, but they are particularly difficult to obtain due to the planet’s proximity to the Sun. Nevertheless, the fact that the planet’s orbit is so close to the Sun makes Mercury a particularly interesting subject for extreme environmental conditions. Among a number of crucial scientific topics to be addressed, Mercury’s exosphere, its interaction with the solar wind and its origin from the surface of the planet, can provide important clues about planetary evolution. In fact, the Hermean exosphere is continuously eroded and refilled by these interactions, so that it would be more proper to consider the Hermean environment as a single, unified system – surface-exosphere-magnetosphere. These three parts are indeed strongly linked to each other. In recent years, the two missions scheduled to explore the iron planet, the NASA MESSENGER mission (launched in March 2004) and the ESA cornerstone mission (jointly with JAXA) BepiColombo (to be launched in 2012), have stimulated new interest in the many unresolved mysteries related to it. New ground-based observations, made possible by new technologies, have been obtained, and new simulation studies have been performed. In this paper some old as well as the very latest observations and studies related to the surface-exosphere-magnetosphere system are reviewed, outlining the investigations achievable by the planned space-based observations. This review intends to support the studies, in preparation of future data, and the definition of specific instrumentation.     

跨音速颤振计算方法研究

采用快捷的动态弹性变形技术生成三维块结构动态贴体网格。结构运动方程采用二级精度的龙格—库塔时间推进。气动力求解则用非定常欧拉方程的双时间有限体积推进,外时间为物理时间,与结构运动方程同步;对每个真实物理时间步采用五步Runge Kutta时间推进进行虚拟定常迭代。针对可压流颤振计算中存在的质量不相似问题,采用变质量、变刚度的方法计算出质量匹配点处的颤振速压值,并根据颤振速压随质量或刚度倍数的变化趋势,得出可用的飞机跨音速颤振速压。对一飞机简化外形的跨音速颤振特性计算得到了合理的计算结果。     

绝热材料动态烧蚀试验方法

为了研究绝热材料的动态烧蚀特性,建立了一种敞开环境下绝热材料烧蚀表面的实时监测方法,用光学技术实时记录绝热材料试样表面烧蚀形貌和烧蚀面退移过程,通过图像处理,成功获得了绝热材料动态烧蚀率和烧蚀形貌的相关信息。该监测方法可对一定条件下炭化层的动态烧蚀性能进行评估,通过图像的批处理可获得每一时刻的动态烧蚀率和前n秒的平均线烧蚀率,适用于绝热材料动态烧蚀特性研究,还可以用于研究在绝热材料表面的炭化层形成和消耗特性。     

船载星敏感器测星数据蒙气差实时修正方法

针对船载星敏感器安装在航天测量船上而引起的测星数据如何进行蒙气差实时修正问题,在分析船载经纬仪目前使用的蒙气差修正方法和中国天文年历提供的蒙气差修正方法的修正精度的基础上,提出船载星敏感器测星数据的蒙气差实时修正方法,给出蒙气差常数R0和温度变差乘数A的改正量α的计算公式,解决了工程应用上的高精度和实时性问题;同时,在分析大气温度、大气压力对船载星敏感器测星数据蒙气差影响的基础上,提出工程应用中的气象数据采集与使用的具体方案。     

基于滤波器结构的压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化

 压缩感知雷达的目标场景恢复性能要求不同目标的反射回波在压缩空间上的互相关性尽可能小。基于该思想,提出了压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化模型,根据系统参数和任务信息,以降低感知矩阵互相关性为目标,自适应地构造发射波形和测量矩阵,提升系统性能。分别给出了基于滤波器结构的压缩感知雷达发射波形优化、测量矩阵优化以及波形-测量矩阵联合优化算法。仿真结果表明:本文提出的压缩感知雷达感知矩阵优化模型和算法能够有效地提高场景恢复精度。     

一种基于图像方式的二维条码快速识别的方法

基于图像方式的PDF417二维条码识别由于识别速度的原因,应用中受到限制,本文提出一种平行边距测量法,对符号中相邻元素的相似边之间的距离的测量来判别字符的逻辑值,可以免去占用大量时间的边缘检测,从而显著提高译码速度。实验表明该方法能显著提高PDF417二维条码的识别速度。     

Adapitive waveform design for distributed OFDM MIMO radar system in multi-target scenario

In order to improve detection and estimation performance of distributed Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system in multi-target scene, we propose a novel approach of Adaptive Waveform Design (AWD) based on a constrained Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). The sparse measurement model of this radar system is derived, and the method based on decomposed Dantzig selectors is applied for the sparse recovery according to the block structures of the sparse vector and the system matrix. An AWD approach is proposed, which optimizes two objective functions, namely minimizing the upper bound of the recovery error and maximizing the weakest-target return, by adjusting the complex weights of the emitting waveform amplitudes. Several numerical simulations are provided and their results show that the detection and estimation performance of the radar system is improved significantly when this MOO-based AWD approach is applied to the distributed OFDM MIMO radar system. Especially, we verify the effectiveness of our AWD approach when the available samples are reduced severally and the technique of compressed sensing is introduced.     

火星探测天线组阵数据接收技术研究和验证实验

为了满足我国首次火星探测任务的需要，确保探测器有效载荷科学数据的顺利下传，将采用天线组阵的方式进行数据接收。天线组阵数据接收技术在航天工程中的应用国内尚属首次，为此开展了信号合成方法和处理流程的研究，提出了利用模型计算和基于科斯塔斯环的搜索估计相结合的初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法。利用现有的密云站50 m天线和昆明站40 m天线，以嫦娥3号着陆器数传信号为实验对象，开展了天线组阵与数据接收技术检验实验。研究和实验结果表明，全频谱合成方法优于符号流合成方法，其合成损耗小于等于 0.45 dB ，可用于我国首次火星探测任务天线组阵的信号合成；初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法可提高广域组阵信号互相关的搜索效率；所确定的信号合成技术流程和数据处理方法可用于后续信号合成软硬件设备的研制和开发。