Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

超音尾喷流红外抑制方案的研究

超音速发动机尾喷流的红外抑制是超音速飞行器隐身性能的重要组成部分。本文提出两种超音速尾喷流的红外抑制方案二次旋流方案与组合波瓣方案 ,并对两种方案共 7组试验件在不同的结构和二次流速度情况下进行了大量重复试验。在旋流方案试验中 ,对二次流加旋诱发大尺度流向涡进行了系统的研究 ,得到旋流角度、二次流速度等对掺混效果的影响规律 ,试验结果表明 :对于本结构方案 ,当二次流速度为 49m/s,旋流角在 3 0°左右 ,掺混效果最好 ,且随二次流流速的增加而加强。在组合波瓣方案的试验中 ,对组合波瓣用于超音尾喷流红外抑制进行了研究 ,试验结果表明可对超音尾喷流的红外起到有效的抑制作用。     

应用于小发柔性转子的高速动平衡技术

从某新型涡轴发动机动力涡轮转子的结构特点出发 ,简要说明了对该转子进行实际高速动平衡操作存在的困难及采取的对策。在试验过程中 ,创造性地应用影响系数法和自行设计加工的精密平衡卡箍 ,高质量地完成了细长柔性转子的高速动平衡试验。研究表明 :高速动平衡技术可大大减小细长柔性转子的动挠度和支承动反力 ,从而达到减小发动机振动的目的     

细观力学有限元法预测复合材料宏观有效弹性模量

基于能量等效原理提出了复合材料有效弹性模量的定义，并指出了该定义的基础及前提条件。为从理论上计算复合材料宏观有效弹性模量，建立了通过细观力学有限元法计算复合材料有效弹性模量的方法。复合材料宏观弹性模量，是通过对复合材料细观结构代表性体积元的力学响应的计算来得到，在该计算方法中，给出了施加简便的边界载荷以及恰当的边界变形约束条件的方法。数值计算结果与部分试验结果具有较好的一致性，表明所提出的方法能够较好地计算复合材料的宏观有效弹性模量。     

1-3型压电纤维主动叠层板扭转特性的研究

对4类典型铺层的1-3型压电纤维复合材料主动板的变形模式进行了理论分析。在此基础上对具有扭转变形模式的主动叠层板进行了振动特性分析,得到了该类型主动叠层板在外界电场激励下的稳态解。最后对该类主动叠层板的扭转振动特性进行了深入的研究,包括作用电场强度的大小、频率对扭转特性的影响、压电纤维铺层角和压电纤维体积比对主动叠层板扭转特性的影响等。算例表明本文计算模型和有限元得到的结果符合良好,同时算例结果表明含1-3型压电纤维复合材料主动叠层板具有良好的主动扭转特性。     

重根特征向量导数计算的特殊迭代法

在重根特征向量导数计算方法的发展中，为了从无限个特解中确定出唯一的通解，提出过不同定解条件，但正确定解条件是唯一的。员后公认的定解条件为Z^TMZ Z^TMZ=-Z^TMZ,这里认为Z^TMZ≠Z^TMZ，由此便引出物理短阵(刚度阵和质量阵)的二阶导数。为了避免物理阵二阶导数的计算，本文在满足前述定解条件的前提下，利用一种特殊的迭代格式回避了物理阵二阶导数的引入。同时该迭代过程可直接获得通解，不同于目前流行的做法：先由一个不定支配方程求其特解，然后才由定解条件确定通解。另外，数值表明，动柔度迭代式的精度可与直接迭代式相匹敌，可是动柔度迭代式用于许多特征向量导数计算时，却省时得多。     

高焓风洞中钝体近尾流红外辐射测试技术

介绍在JF-10氢氧爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展再人流场红外辐射测量的实验技术。风洞试验状态的驻室总压为19．6MPa，驻室总温为7920K。实验以球头钝锥体为试验模型，测量其近尾流红外辐射能量通量的横向分布。测量采用插入式锑化铟多元红外成像系统，波段范围为2．27-6．0μm。试验数据呈现明显的规律性。试验结果表明：利用这一测量技术能够提供高焓条件下有较高空间分辨率的、较为准确的红外实验数据。     

Models of P/Borrelly: Activity and dust mantle formation

Comet 19P/Borrelly was observed by Deep Space One spacecraft on September 22, 2001 (Soderblom et al., 2002).The DS1 images show a very dark and elongate nucleus with a complex topography; the IR spectra show a strong red-ward slope consistent with a very hot and dry surface (345K to 300K). During DS1 encounter the comet coma was dominated by a prominent jet but most of the comet was inactive, confirming the Earth-based observations that <10% of the surface is actively sublimating. We have developed a thermal evolution model of comet PBorrelly, using a numerical code that is able to solve the heat conduction and gas diffusion equations at the same time across an idealized spherical nucleus ( De Sanctis et al., 1999, 2000; Capria et al., 2000; Coradini et al., 1997a,b). The comet nucleus is composed by water, volatiles ices and dust in different proportions. The refractory component is made by grains that are embedded in the icy matrix. The code is able to account for the dust release, contributing to the dust flux, and the formation of dust mantles on the comet surface. The model was applied to a cometary nucleus with the estimated physical and dynamical characteristics of P/Borrelly in order to infer the status and activity level of a body on such an orbit during the DS1 observation. The comet gas flux, differentiation and thermal behavior were simulated and reproduced. The model results are in good agreement with the DS1 flyby results and the ground based observations, in terms of activity, dust coverage and temperatures of the surface.     

基于试验气动力的纵向机动飞行载荷分析

提出了一种基于非线性风洞试验数据(简称试验气动力)同步进行纵向机动飞行过程和飞行载荷的计算分析方法.通过曲面样条插值将试验气动力的升力系数和俯仰力矩系数引入纵向机动飞行过程的计算,同时基于试验气动力的压力分布进行全机飞行载荷的静气动弹性修正.弹性载荷的计算采用线性气动力影响系数矩阵处理.采用偶极子格网法提供气动力(简称理论气动力).将基于这两种气动力的计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:基于试验气动力的机动飞行过程更为合理;基于理论气动力的载荷随机动飞行过程的变化趋势有可能与基于试验气动力的载荷变化趋势不一致.      

Countermeasure Against Regenerative and Forced Chatter of Flexible Workpieces in Milling Processs Using Bi-directional Excitation

A novel extended methodology for chatter suppression in milling process by applying external forced vibrations to the workpiece in two orthogonal directions which are the feed and cross-feed directions.Both the regenerative and forced chatter suppression during the milling process of flexible workpieces are investigated.Here,the workpiece is subject to a sinusoidal periodic force in the feed direction to disrupt the regenerative effect.Additionally,to minimize the forced chatter,the workpiece is subject to the periodic excitation force in cross-feed direction.This force is proportional to the magnitude of the estimated cutting force in cross-feed direction and has a phase opposite to the cutting force to minimize the vibration amplitudes.The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated numerically and experimentally,for the spindle speed located in both the local minima and local maxima of the stability lobe diagram.The numerical simulations indicate significant suppression effect in terms of vibration amplitudes,resulting in suppression of both the regenerative chatter and the forced chatter.Experiments were conducted by using a workpiece-mounted active stage composed of flexure hinges and driven by piezoelectric actuators.The experimental results agree qualitatively with the numerical simulations.The proposed method indicates a remarkable vibration reduction effect for both regenerative and forced chatters.