An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Some Martian Regolith Simulants with Respect to the Surface Properties at the InSight Mission Landing Site

In support of the InSight mission in which two instruments (the SEIS seismometer and the \(\mbox{HP}^{3}\) heat flow probe) will interact directly with the regolith on the surface of Mars, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on three different regolith simulants to better understand the observations of the physical and mechanical parameters that will be derived from InSight. The mechanical data obtained were also compared to data on terrestrial sands. The density of the regolith strongly influences its mechanical properties, as determined from the data on terrestrial sands. The elastoplastic compression volume changes were investigated through oedometer tests that also provided estimates of possible changes in density with depth. The results of direct shear tests provided values of friction angles that were compared with that of a terrestrial sand, and an extrapolation to lower density provided a friction angle compatible with that estimated from previous observations on the surface of Mars. The importance of the contracting/dilating shear volume changes of sands on the dynamic penetration of the mole was determined, with penetration facilitated by the \(\sim1.3~\mbox{Mg/m}^{3}\) density estimated at the landing site. Seismic velocities, measured by means of piezoelectric bender elements in triaxial specimens submitted to various isotropic confining stresses, show the importance of the confining stress, with lesser influence of density changes under compression. A power law relation of velocity as a function of confining stress with an exponent of 0.3 was identified from the tests, allowing an estimate of the surface seismic velocity of 150 m/s. The effect on the seismic velocity of a 10% proportion of rock in the regolith was also studied. These data will be compared with in situ data measured by InSight after landing.     

基于稀疏随机阵列配置的CS-MIMO雷达感知矩阵构造

压缩感知(CS)理论中的感知矩阵在观测数据获取和信号重建过程中起关键性作用。目前,大部分研究通过引入高斯随机矩阵作为测量矩阵实现压缩观测,这类测量矩阵对硬件要求很高,工程实现困难。提出了一种基于稀疏随机阵列配置的压缩感知-多输入多输出(CS-MIMO)雷达中的感知矩阵构造方法,当MIMO雷达阵元配置为满足某种概率分布的稀疏随机阵列时,发射与接收导引矢量的Kronecker积能够起到压缩测量的作用。从理论上分析了所构造的感知矩阵的归一化互相关系数、Gram矩阵以及阵列方向图之间的内在联系,并证明了当随机阵元位置满足均匀分布时所构造的感知矩阵满足压缩感知重构条件。在这种稀疏随机阵列配置方式下,既可以避免额外引入随机测量矩阵,又能减少所需的阵元个数,从而大大降低CS-MIMO雷达系统复杂度。仿真实验表明,该方法具有较低的感知矩阵归一化互相关系数,与满阵CS-MIMO雷达相比能够在减少阵元个数的同时获得良好的重构性能,且使重构所需运算量大大降低。     

基于幅频特性曲线簇公共点的智能弹簧减振系统参数设计

研究了无阻尼智能弹簧减振系统的一种参数设计方法.采用等效线性化方法将系统中的干摩擦阻尼等效成黏性阻尼,建立系统的数学模型,推导出无量纲化的振动微分方程,得到系统频响特性的解析解.对系统幅频特性进行了数值分析,结果发现:幅频特性曲线簇通过一个公共点,该公共点随质量比的增大向左偏移,随刚度比的增大向右偏移;系统存在一个最优控制参数值,使系统幅频特性曲线峰值最小,其随质量比的增大而减小,但不受刚度比的影响.根据公共点的性质,得到幅频特性曲线簇公共点对应的频率比、最优控制参数和最小振幅的计算公式.确定系统参数的选用原则与范围,并利用公共点提出智能弹簧减振系统参数设计的方法和步骤.      

Modelling of cometary nuclei: Planetary missions preparation

The planning of planetary missions requires the knowledge as much as possible accurate of the target. This knowledge, which cannot be obtained only by ground based observations, can be supported by theoretical modeling. This is particularly true in the case of Rosetta, a cornerstone ESA mission that will be launched in January 2003, and of its target, the comet 46P/Wirtanen. In this paper we show how, using a nucleus thermal evolution model, it is possible to foresee the temperature of the nucleus surface and the activity level along the orbit and define the range of possible values for these properties. Activity level close to the aphelion depends on the presence of CO. Surface temperatures depend on the physical properties attributed to the dust: temperatures reached by a crust mainly composed by silicatic grains differ from the temperatures reached by a crust mainly composed by organic grains.     

ZrO2-Al2O3两相陶瓷复合材料力学性能与增韧机制的研究

研究了ZrO2-Al2O3二元复相陶瓷材料的力学性能、烧结行为和增韧机制。研究结果表明ZrO2-Al2O3复相陶瓷可以在体积分数为lO％～30％的纳米ZrO2含量范围内都保持较高的抗弯强度和断裂韧性；ZrO2颗粒的存在能够有效抑制晶界运动从而达到促进材料致密化、改善显微结构的目的。在ZrO2-Al2O3复相陶瓷中相变增韧和裂纹偏转是主要的增韧机制。此外，ZrO2纳米颗粒使位错钉扎或堆积，起到了分散阻碍裂纹的作用，达到强韧化效果。     

Precursory signature of several major earthquakes studied using 40 kHz low frequency signal

To investigate the precursory signature of earthquakes on low frequency (LF) signal propagation, six earthquakes, having magnitude greater than equal to 6.5 and depth less than equal to 30 km, are being studied. The base line level of 40 kHz signal, transmitted from JJY station, Japan, is analysed with respect to V_d statistical parameter. Results show that the V_d parameter values starts fluctuating from its ambient levels before and during the days of the earthquakes, with significant variation starting 1–3 days prior to the earthquake concerned. This present study is an approach for identifying the precursory signatures of earthquakes on LF signal propagation using a new methodology with V_d parameter.     

基于无回溯模式匹配的网元故障监控系统的设计

在移动通讯中 ,常常采用人工查询网元故障告警信息的方法实现移动通讯设备监控 ,然而由于设备故障告警信息量非常庞大 ,人工查询无法确保及时准确地查询到故障告警 ,导致有些重要告警不能及时得到 ,这将对移动通讯网络运行的安全性和可靠性造成很大的威胁。为此 ,本文基于模式匹配的原理 ,提出了一种移动通讯自动、快速且经济的故障监控方案 ,并同时给出了一个成功的案例     

The INTEGRAL view of Gamma-Ray Bursts

After more than six and half years in orbit, the ESA space observatory INTEGRAL has provided new, exciting results in the soft gamma-ray energy range (from a few keV to a few MeV). With the discovery of about 700 hard X-Ray sources, it has changed our previous view of a sky composed of peculiar and “monster” sources. The new high energy sky is in fact full of a large variety of normal, very energetic emitters, characterized by new accretion and acceleration processes (see also IBIS cat4 (Bird et al., 2010). At the same time, about one GRB/month is detected and imaged by the two main gamma-ray instruments on board: IBIS and SPI. In this paper, we review the major achievements of the INTEGRAL observatory in the field of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We summarize the global properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts detected by INTEGRAL, with respect to their duration, spectral index, and peak flux distributions. We recall INTEGRAL results on the spectral lag analysis, showing how long-lag GRBs appear to form a separate population at low peak fluxes. We review the outcome of polarisation studies performed by using INTEGRAL data. Finally, concerning single GRB studies, we highlight the properties of particularly interesting Gamma-Ray Bursts in the INTEGRAL sample.     

液氧加注过程热力性能分析

为满足某型号运载火箭动力系统试验液氧加注温度要求,需对加注过程进行热力性能分析。通过对常规氧加注过程因漏热和流阻损失引起的温升、液氧泵效率损失引起的温升进行理论计算,得出常规氧加注过程液氧温度变化规律。此外,通过对过冷氧温度掺混特性进行理论计算和数值仿真,得出过冷氧加注的热力性能。上述分析结果与实测数据进行了比对,结果表明,理论分析结果与实测结果吻合性好,液氧加注过程热力特性分析方法正确可行。     

分布式光纤传感技术及其在航空航天领域的应用展望

综述了分布式布里渊和瑞利光纤传感技术的主要技术原理、特点及发展概况,包括布里渊光时域分析技术、布里渊相关域分析技术、动态布里渊光纤传感技术、瑞利光时域反射计技术和光频域反射计技术五项主要技术。在此基础上,对分布式光纤传感技术在航空领域的应用进行了回顾,并对其在航天领域的可能应用进行了探讨。