基于遗传算法的正弦波四参数曲线拟合

曲线拟合法能够精确地提取正弦信号的四个参数。但是，由于数据处理比较困难，其应用在一定程度上受到了制约。本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的求解方法，研究了算法应用中初始种群数、繁殖代数和编码方式的选取以及适应度函数的设计。实验数据表明，该方法具有全局收敛和准确度高的优点。     

基于雷达相位测距的微动特征获取

针对微动目标的雷达回波特征信号一般较小难以提取的特点,提出了一种基于雷达相位测距的微动特征获取方法。相参雷达工作在宽窄交替模式下,宽带信号形式为线性调频（Linear Frequency Modulation,简称LFM）。首先,通过窄带相位测距（游标测距）测量目标质心的平动轨迹;其次,通过宽带相位测距测量目标上各个散射中心的运动轨迹;最后,从散射中心运动轨迹中除去质心平动轨迹,获得散射中心相对于质心的微动轨迹。相位测距精度极高,已知微动模型,可以估计微动参数,获取微动特征。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效获取目标的微动特征。     

羽流场与月壤颗粒相互作用的一种新计算方法

针对登月着陆器发动机下降过程中羽流场与月壤颗粒相互作用问题提出了一种新的计算方法。通过Morh\|Coulomb破坏准则确定月壤颗粒可以被羽流扬起的临界剪应力,采用动量原理计算被扬起的月壤颗粒的质量大小及形成的月坑深度;基于牛顿第二定律,采用羽流场与月壤颗粒的流固耦合相互迭代的计算方法,获得被扬起月壤颗粒随时间的质量分布等。本文通过美国Apollo 11登月过程实测数据对该新方法进行了验证,为人类探月工程提供一定数据参考。     

一种SGCMG系统奇异逃离方法

单框架控制力矩陀螺 (SGCMG)系统进入奇异后无法提供准确的三轴指令力矩,通过奇异机理分析,设计了一种奇异逃离方案。首先构造新的动态坐标系,在系统进入奇异后,将控制坐标系切换到新的坐标系下,在新的坐标系上放弃一个维度的控制,将系统考虑为平面内的SGCMG冗余控制系统,然后在平面内采用二维零运动使得系统快速逃离奇异状态,当SGCMG系统逃离奇异状态后,再重新接入三维度的控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有很好的奇异逃避效果。     

卫星导航地面试验验证的平行系统方法

应用平行系统理论,研究全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）人工建模、计算实验和平行执行的方法。首先构建GNSS平行系统框架,分析GNSS平行系统人工建模的关键技术,提出基于代理（Agent）的导航系统实体建模方法;然后根据计算实验需求,设计GNSS平行系统在人工建模、试验支持与运行维护等方面的计算实验方法及流程。在此基础上,给出GNSS平行系统的运行模式及其平行执行过程。最后,以GNSS平行系统在人员培训方面的应用为例,说明GNSS平行系统在实际GNSS运行维护方面的应用。研究结果表明,建立GNSS平行系统是提高GNSS建设和运行维护效率的有效方法。     

Thyroid cell growth: sphingomyelin metabolism as non-invasive marker for cell damage acquired during spaceflight

Prolonged spaceflights are known to elicit changes in human cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, whose functions are regulated by the thyroid gland. It is known that sphingomyelin metabolism is involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) of thyroid cells induced by UVC radiation, but at present no data exists with regard to this phenomenon, which occurs during space missions. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the effect of spaceflight on the enzymes of sphingomyelin metabolism, sphingomyelinase, and sphingomyelin synthase, and to determine whether the ratio between the two enzymes might be used as a possible marker for thyroid activity during space missions. Both quiescent thyroid cells and thyroid cells stimulated to proliferate with thyrotropin (TSH) were cultured during the Eneide and Esperia missions on the International Space Station. The results show that during space missions the cells treated with TSH grew only 1.5?±?0.65-fold and, thus, behave similarly to quiescent cells, while on the ground the same cells, maintained in experimental conditions that reproduced those of the flight, grew 7.71?±?0.67-fold. Comparison of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio and the levels of Bax, STAT3, and RNA polymerase II in proliferating, quiescent, pro-apoptotic, or apoptotic cells demonstrated that thyroid cells during space missions were induced into a pro-apoptotic state. Given its specificity and the small amount of cells needed for analysis, we propose the use of the sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase ratio as a marker of functional status of thyroid cells during space missions. Further studies could lead to its use in real time during prolonged spaceflights.     

EPDM绝热材料炭化层的三维孔隙结构特征

为了获得绝热材料炭化层的微观结构信息,建立了炭化层三维孔隙结构的微米CT无损测试方法.采用微米CT对EPDM绝热材料炭化层进行了无损扫描,运用三维图像处理软件对炭化层的系列无损扫描图片进行了三维重建.针对发动机热试车后EPDM绝热材料炭化层试样,结合二维图像分析软件,研究了烧蚀方向上炭化层的孔隙结构特征.结果表明,过载...     

UKF参数估计在航天器气动辅助变轨问题中的应用

为快速精确地求解气动辅助变轨问题,提出一种基于无损卡尔曼滤波(UKF)参数估计的数值求解方法。首先,针对气动辅助变轨问题,利用极大值原理将其转化为对应的两点边值问题;然后,以协态变量的初值作为估计参数,以末端条件为期望观测值,将该两点边值问题转化为参数估计问题,并应用UKF滤波算法求解。该算法基于估计理论,避免了计算传统数值方法所需要的梯度矩阵,同时克服了猜测协态变量初值的困难,降低了求解气动辅助变轨问题的难度。数值仿真表明,该算法结构简单,求解效率高,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Adapitive waveform design for distributed OFDM MIMO radar system in multi-target scenario

In order to improve detection and estimation performance of distributed Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system in multi-target scene, we propose a novel approach of Adaptive Waveform Design (AWD) based on a constrained Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). The sparse measurement model of this radar system is derived, and the method based on decomposed Dantzig selectors is applied for the sparse recovery according to the block structures of the sparse vector and the system matrix. An AWD approach is proposed, which optimizes two objective functions, namely minimizing the upper bound of the recovery error and maximizing the weakest-target return, by adjusting the complex weights of the emitting waveform amplitudes. Several numerical simulations are provided and their results show that the detection and estimation performance of the radar system is improved significantly when this MOO-based AWD approach is applied to the distributed OFDM MIMO radar system. Especially, we verify the effectiveness of our AWD approach when the available samples are reduced severally and the technique of compressed sensing is introduced.     

火星探测天线组阵数据接收技术研究和验证实验

为了满足我国首次火星探测任务的需要，确保探测器有效载荷科学数据的顺利下传，将采用天线组阵的方式进行数据接收。天线组阵数据接收技术在航天工程中的应用国内尚属首次，为此开展了信号合成方法和处理流程的研究，提出了利用模型计算和基于科斯塔斯环的搜索估计相结合的初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法。利用现有的密云站50 m天线和昆明站40 m天线，以嫦娥3号着陆器数传信号为实验对象，开展了天线组阵与数据接收技术检验实验。研究和实验结果表明，全频谱合成方法优于符号流合成方法，其合成损耗小于等于 0.45 dB ，可用于我国首次火星探测任务天线组阵的信号合成；初始时延和多普勒频差快速估计方法可提高广域组阵信号互相关的搜索效率；所确定的信号合成技术流程和数据处理方法可用于后续信号合成软硬件设备的研制和开发。