一类灰色群决策问题的分析方法

在群决策问题中,由于受人力资本的质量和决策环境等众多因素的影响,决策者的偏好信息往往是不精确或不完全的。本文用灰色系统理论的思想和方法,融合经典群决策理论,对提出的灰色群决策问题进行了探讨。利用数值分析中的幂法和群决策系统的熵模型,借助分析技巧,给出了灰色群决策问题的解法。通过实例对解法的合理性进行说明与分析,为群决策理论的应用研究提供了一条新思路。     

X-cor夹层结构压缩性能研究

X-cor结构是一种采用拉挤复合材料细杆（Pin）以三维网架结构形式增强泡沫的新型夹层结构材料,该夹层结构与传统泡沫夹层结构和蜂窝夹层结构相比,具有很高的比强度和比刚度。为了研究Pin植入角、Pin直径对X-cor夹层结构压缩强度和压缩模量的影响,压缩性能试样采用Rohacell 31泡沫作为芯材,Pin采用0.5 mm和0.7 mm两种不同直径的T300/FW 63碳/环氧拉挤细杆,并将实验结果与不含Pin增强的泡沫夹层结构进行了对比。研究结果表明,Pin的存在极大提高了X-cor夹层结构的压缩强度、压缩模量,同时密度仅小幅度提升;Pin对X-cor夹层结构压缩性能的增强效率随Pin植入角的减小而提高,采用小直径的Pin更利于提高X-cor夹层结构压缩性能。     

正弦振动条件下原子钟的频率稳定度分析

振动对原子钟(原子频标)的影响可分为对原子谐振的影响、对伺服环路的影响和对晶体振荡器(晶振)的影响.在振动频率范围内,晶振的输出相位噪声只与晶振的加速度灵敏度、峰值加速度和振动频率有关,与静态相位噪声没有关系,但在振动频率范围之外,晶振的输出相位噪声就是其静态相位噪声. 由原子钟的稳定性传递到输出晶振的频率稳定度公式,就可通过伺服环路把晶振的振动分析融入到原子钟的振动分析之中.利用相位噪声转换为阿仑方差的积分公式,根据留数定理推导出直接计算阿仑方差的解析表达式, 得到增加伺服环路带宽可以有效抑制振动对原子钟频率稳定度影响的结论;分析了通过减振和选择加速度灵敏度较小的晶振这2种方法改善原子钟振动性能的问题.      

基于可拓学的大型复杂航空飞行器效费权衡研究

大型复杂航空飞行器的研制生产与应用涉及大量随机因素和模糊因素,客观权衡效能和费用成为其全寿命周期管理的核心问题。研究效费权衡分析主要方法的适用条件,提出可拓学理论及方法并从总体架构、物元模型和应用过程三方面研究大型复杂航空飞行器效费权衡分析中的适用性;以某复杂航空飞行器为例,构建效能和费用测度指标体系,检验可拓学及物元法的可行性。结果表明:飞行器效费权衡方案受其固有能力、人工成本和材料成本的制约,多重约束下可拓学的优度评价得出了复杂飞行器效费权衡的最优方案。     

民用飞机增升装置中的流动控制技术

传统的增升装置设计受到各种约束条件的限制,难以充分发挥增升效果,甚至无法达到飞机对增升效果的需求,而流动控制技术可以弥补这些缺陷。通过搜集大量文献,阐述了襟翼涡流发生器、主翼后缘偏折技术、ZHU’s襟翼、自激励运动襟翼、零质量射流、等离子体技术、MEMS技术以及动力增升等各类主动控制技术的工作原理,增升效果分析以及具体应用情况等。结果表明,这些流动控制新技术对于进一步提高民用飞机的增升效果具有巨大的潜力。     

冷贮备可修系统的维修更换模型

研究了由一个修理工、两同型部件组成的冷贮备可修系统,在故障部件不能"修复如新"的条件下,分别选择系统中部件1的故障次数N和总工作时间T为更换策略,利用更新过程和几何过程理论,选择最优的策略N*和T*,使得系统经长期运行单位时间内平均停机时间最短,并推导出了系统经长期运行单位时间内平均停机时间的表达式。最后,通过数值例子对所得结果进行了分析。     

Long-term time-varying characteristics of UPD products generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP

The quality and availability of Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) solutions are crucial to the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service, and the long-term temporal variability and its contributing factors should be better understood. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the long-term time-varying characteristics of each UPD product respectively generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP-AR (ambiguity resolution), the sampling of the WL and NL UPDs are daily and 30 s, respectively. Firstly, in terms of our 30 day Wide-Lane (WL) UPD products of 31 satellites, the Standard Deviation (STD) of each satellite WL UPDs ranges from 0.04 to 0.06 cycles, indicating that the long-term prediction accuracy of satellite WL UPD is sufficient for fixing Wide-Lane ambiguities. Secondly, when a satellite in eclipsing the discontinulity may corrupt the determination of Narrow-Lane (NL) UPD in form of offset, as a result of lacking or poor satellite attitude dynamic modeling. When the influence of discontinuity is removed, the STD of our estimated satellite NL UPDs is less than 0.05 cycles. Thirdly, the STD of our estimated receiver WL UPDs is mainly below 0.2 cycles, which implies that its stability is one order poorer that of the satellite. In addition, if they are used for stations in and around the network covered region, the stability of the UPD products from the CMONOC (Crustal Movement Observation Network of China) is better than that from a global network, benefit from the fact that all the CMONOC stations are equipped with the same receiver type. Finally, the PPP-AR results show that a rate of 82.9% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 69.5% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80% can be achieved when using UPD from the global network, which is worse than that of using UPD from the CMONOC (85.7% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 75% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80%). The results of the experiment on the UPD interoperable application in PPP show that the global network UPD products can provide a fast AR at any single station, and the convergence time is well below 25 min. Particularly, when the location of a station is in and around the regional network, our results show that the PPP results obtained using regional UPDs enable the consistent use of global UPDs. When the location of a station is far away from the regional network, using the regional UPDs can not achieve PPP-AR. Finally, the WL UPDs of the previous day is used for forecasting to estimate the NL UPDs, the stability analysis results of NL UPDs solution and positioning results are demonstrate the validity of forecasted UPD products.     

Crustal deformation characteristics of Sichuan-Yunnan region in China on the constraint of multi-periods of GPS velocity fields

In order to obtain deformation parameters in each block of Sichuan-Yunnan Region (SYG) in China by stages and establish a dynamic model about the variation of the strain rate fields and the surface expansion in this area, we taken the Global Positioning System (GPS) sites velocity in the region as constrained condition and taken advantage of the block strain calculation model based on spherical surface. We also analyzed the deformation of the active blocks in the whole SYG before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, and analyzed the deformation of active blocks near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in detail. The results show that, (1) Under the effects of the carving from India plate and the crimping from the potential energy of Tibetan Plateau for a long time, there is a certain periodicity in crustal deformation in SYG. And the period change and the earthquake occurrence have a good agreement. (2) The differences in GPS velocity fields relative Eurasian reference frame shows that the Wenchuan earthquake and the Ya'an earthquake mainly affect the crustal movement in the central and southern part of SYG, and the average velocity difference is about 4–8?mm/a for the Wenchuan earthquake and 2–4?mm/a for the Ya'an earthquake. (3) For the Wenchuan earthquake, the average strain changed from 10 to 20 nanostrian/a before earthquake to 40–50 nanostrian/a after the earthquake, but before and after the Ya’an earthquake, the strain value increased from about 15 nanostrian/a to about 30 nanostrian/a. (4) The Wenchuan earthquake has changed the strain parameter of each active block more or less. Especially, the Longmen block and Chengdu block near the epicenter. The research provides fundamental material for the study of the dynamic mechanism of the push extrusion from the north-east of the India plate and the crimp from Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and it also provides support for the study of crustal stress variation and earthquake prediction in Sichuan Yunnan region.     

PVC 阻燃酚醛纤维的制备及其性能

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性酚醛树脂为原料,采用熔融纺丝法制备出PVC阻燃酚醛纤维.通过SEM、DMA、TG、Fr-IR等分析手段,对PVC阻燃酚醛纤维的结构和性能进行了研究.与纯酚醛纤维相比,PVC阻燃纤维的韧性和阻燃性提高,但其热稳定性和残碳率稍有降低.当PVC含量为0.5wt％时,其拉伸强度从123 MPa提高至150 MPa,极限氧指数从32.1％提高至38.5％,在空气气氛下600℃的残碳率从87.4％降至70.9％,在氮气气氛下1 000℃的残碳率从62.8％降至59.7％.     

基于单轴速率转台的捷联惯测组合标定方法

针对传统的"位置+速率"捷联惯测组合(SIMU)标定方法标定时间长、对标定设备要求高,且需要北向基准等问题,提出了基于单轴速率转台的捷联惯测组合标定方法。该标定方法只用一台单轴速率转台。捷联惯测组合3个轴分别垂直向上及向下时转台匀速旋转一圈,通过对单轴速率转台的姿态角及捷联惯测组合测量模型进行适当的数学变换,分离出捷联惯测组合的误差系数。建立了标定模型,推导了误差系数的分离算法,编排了标定流程,给出了数据处理方法,通过试验验证了方法的有效性。该方法对标定设备要求低,无需北向基准,标定时间短,适合于中等精度捷联惯测组合的标定。