Observation of Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes in the RELEC space experiment on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vernov</Emphasis> satellite

The RELEС scientific payload of the Vernov satellite launched on July 8, 2014 includes the DRGE spectrometer of gamma-rays and electrons. This instrument comprises a set of scintillator phoswich-detectors, including four identical X-ray and gamma-ray detector with an energy range of 10 kev to 3 MeV with a total area of ~500 cm² directed to the atmosphere, as well as an electron spectrometer containing three mutually orthogonal detector units with a geometric factor of ~2 cm² sr. The aim of a space experiment with the DRGE instrument is the study of fast phenomena, in particular Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) and magnetospheric electron precipitation. In this regard, the instrument provides the transmission of both monitoring data with a time resolution of 1 s, and data in the event-by-event mode, with a recording of the time of detection of each gamma quantum or electron to an accuracy of ~15 μs. This makes it possible to not only conduct a detailed analysis of the variability in the gamma-ray range, but also compare the time profiles with the results of measurements with other RELEC instruments (the detector of optical and ultraviolet flares, radio-frequency and low-frequency analyzers of electromagnetic field parameters), as well as with the data of ground-based facility for thunderstorm activity. This paper presents the first catalog of Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. The criterion for selecting flashes required in order to detect no less than 5 hard quanta in 1 ms by at least two independent detectors. The TGFs included in the catalog have a typical duration of ~400 μs, during which 10–40 gamma-ray quanta were detected. The time profiles, spectral parameters, and geographic position, as well as a result of a comparison with the output data of other Vernov instruments, are presented for each of candidates. The candidate for Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes detected in the near-polar region over Antarctica is discussed.     

Designing corrections for the trajectory of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spektr-R</Emphasis> spacecraft in the event of immersions into the Moon’s sphere of influence

The results of updating the parameters of motion of the Spektr-R spacecraft at the end of 2016 have shown that, in January 2018, with a probability close to unity, the condition that a spacecraft stay in the Earth’s shadow is violated; however, in May of the same year, the ballistic life of the spacecraft will be terminated. Thus, in 2017, the question arose of how to design the correction of flight of this spacecraft using its onboard propulsion system. The correction was designed with allowance for the fact that, for the first time since it was launched, the spacecraft in the course of several years, beginning with 2017, repeatedly approaches the Moon, deeply immersing into its sphere of influence. This paper presents the technologically and organizationally convenient, allowable versions of upcoming correction of the Spektr-R spacecraft trajectory and justifies the particular scheme of its implementation.     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

高温空气传输特性对边界层稳定性及转捩预测的影响

为了研究黏度和导热系数对边界层内基本流和流动稳定性的影响,首先通过分析比较Sutherland公式和目前常用的Gupta等人的拟合关系式,建立了高温气体下黏度和导热系数的计算模型,并分别将Sutherland公式和新建立的计算模型应用于7组元化学平衡流的平板模型,在马赫数为10,16和20,飞行高度为30-5km等条件下分别对黏度和导热系数的模型进行比较.计算结果表明:在高温范围内,黏度和导热系数均影响着边界层的基本流、流动稳定性及转捩预测,且两者影响的趋势相反,黏度的增加、导热系数的减小都能使扰动的增长率变大,增长区变宽,转捩位置提前.      

改进型滑模变结构电机控制的脉振电流注入法研究

为了提高永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术的控制性能,在电机动态品质优化的研究中,以滑模变结构控制器替代传统的PI控制器,采用新型趋近律函数改进滑模控制器的输出模型,削弱了传统滑模控制存在的抖振,提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力。在分析无位置传感器技术时,引入高通谐振滤波器,采用具备以高信噪比为特点的两相静止坐标系下高频脉振电流注入法。仿真结果表明,在带高通谐振滤波器的高频脉振电流注入法中运用滑模变结构控制器,提高了转子位置估计的精度,增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。     

弹射座椅弹射筒上连接头挂耳断裂失效分析与研究

本文对弹射座椅弹射筒上连接头挂耳断裂失效现象、安装位置和作用进行了简要介绍;对可能造成上连接头挂耳断裂失效的原材料、尺寸、生产过程、断口、设计及工况强度等主要因素进行了系统排查、分析和验证,最终,找准了零件失效的机理,并准确定位,验证有效,对航空产品提升抗疲劳性能的设计应用起到积极的指导和借鉴意义。     

利用机载GNSS-R的有效波高反演技术

采用自主研发的多源多宿GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflections,全球导航卫星系统反射信号)海洋环境遥感探测系统,在天津渤海湾特定区域进行了3次机载校飞试验,获得了大量有效GNSS-R信号数据,对自然条件下的海面有效波高进行了反演处理。该系统通过对接收的GNSS直达信号和海面反射信号进行相关运算处理,可以获得DDM(Delay-Doppler Mapping,时延—多普勒映射)图谱,再利用DCF(Derivative of the Correlation Function,相关函数的导数)在DDM图谱基础上进行相关功率波形的计算,进而通过计算DCF的函数波形宽度得到海面有效波高,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率、低成本等优点,对全球范围内中小尺度海洋状态和物理现象的监测具有重要意义。     

基于UKF的实时弹道解算参数稳健设计

在基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter,无迹卡尔曼滤波)的实时弹道解算应用中,外部环境不稳定的影响以及观测过程中野值的存在,使得基于经验参数设置的滤波易于发散.因此,需要针对指定型号调节和设置滤波器参数的取值,使其克服上述现象.针对这一问题,提出了基于理论弹道先验的参数稳健设计方法,对滤波器参数最优值进行预测.从滤波器的架构出发,梳理出影响滤波器性能的相关参数,结合稳健设计思想,外设计部分基于理论弹道先验信息,通过模拟弹道特征点构造弹道观测模型;而内设计部份,构造模型的测元数据进行正交试验,判断参数的显著性,获取相应的最优参数取值,从而为实时解算弹道的参数设置提供指导.实际数据试验结果表明,该方法可显著提高滤波器的实算稳健性和收敛性能.     

基于数据的发动机模型匹配方法研究

针对在使用环境条件下发动机部件特性未知的问题,为获得在实际装机条件下的发动机部件特性,采用1种基于参考数据的发动机部件级模型匹配方法,在对测量数据和模型特征分析的基础上,选取适当调整参数,以模型在非设计点的仿真输出与参考数据的匹配精度为目标,通过迭代方法求解部件特性。仿真数据表明:采用基于数据的发动机匹配技术得到的发动机模型,其仿真输出与参考数据的偏差均在允许范围内。利用该方法可以得到在使用条件下的发动机部件特性,为装机状态发动机的仿真预测提供技术支撑。     

航电系统安全性分析工具设计与研究

随着航电系统综合化程度的不断提高,传统的安全性分析方法过于依赖工程经验,难以保证失效模式的完备性。同时在系统迭代设计的过程中,由于系统的复杂性,会导致安全性分析工作量过大,增加了时间及经济成本。针对上述问题,设计了一种自动化安全性分析工具,基于Sys ML描述语言建立安全性数据模型,采用路径追溯的方法完成故障树自动建模,并对生成的故障树进行共模分析和区域安全性分析。以某系统为例的实验结果表明,该工具能够实现故障树自动建模与分析,提高了安全性分析的效率和完备性。