星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

适用于大距离拦截问题的零控脱靶量计算方法

对于中制导后具有较长滑行距离的大气层外拦截问题，为了精确确定零控脱靶量，两飞行器间的重力差必须被合理考虑。利用牛顿二项式定理及现代控制理论推导了两飞行器间相对运动状态解析表达式，并利用牛顿迭代法计算零控脱靶量发生时刻，最后得出一种快速而又具有较高精度的预测零控脱靶量改进方法。为验证预测方法的精度，介绍了几种常见的零控脱靶量计算方法并进行了数学仿真，仿真结果表明改进的ZEM预测方法具有明显的应用优势。     

深空探测器推进系统

以技术较成效的月球探测器、火星探测器推进系统为重点，介绍了国外深空探测活动的情况。简述了深空探测对推进系统的需求、我国航天器液体推进技术的现状。认为我国的推进技术经一些适应性发展，即可满足深空探测的需求，并且设想了我国近期较为可行的深空探测器推进系统方案。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

LISA — a study of the ESA cornerstone mission for observing gravitational waves

The primary objective of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is to detect and observe gravitational waves from massive black holes and galactic binaries in the frequency range 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ Hz. This low-frequency range is inaccessible to ground-based interferometers because of the unshieldable background of local gravitational noise and because ground-based interferometers are limited in length to a few km. LISA is an ESA cornerstone mission and recently had a system study (Ref. 1) carried out by a consortium led by Astrium, which confirmed the basic configuration for the payload with only minor changes, and provided detailed concepts for the spacecraft and mission design. The study confirmed the need for a drag-free technology demonstration mission to develop the inertial sensors for LISA, before embarking on the build of the flight sensors. With a technology demonstration flight in 2005, it would be possible to carry out LISA as a joint ESA-NASA mission with a launch by 2010 subject to the funding programmatics. The baseline for LISA is three disc-like spacecraft each of which consist of a science module which carries the laser interferometer payload (two in each science module) and a propulsion module containing an ion drive and the hydrazine thrusters of the AOCS. The propulsion module is used for the transfer from earth escape trajectory provided by the Delta II launch to the operational orbit. Once there the propulsion module is jettisoned to reduce disturbances on the payload. Detailed analysis of thermal and gravitational disturbances, a model of the drag-free control and of the interferometer operation confirm that the strain sensitivity of the interferometer will be achieved.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。     

再入弹道解析算法在新型制导律上的应用研究

提出了一种再入飞行器新型预测制导方法。在弹道始端,所有方向的总升力组成一个垂直于再入体速度的平面,称该平面上任意方向的速度增量引起预测落点的变化矢量为虚位移。通过对最优虚位移的搜索,获得总升力的最佳方向。然后,针对该制导方法需要预测弹道落点这一情况,给出了再入弹道的解析解。最后,将具有模型简化误差的解析弹道算法应用到该制导律中,仿真发现:经制导控制后最终落点误差从40公里减小到10米。结果表明:在解析法再入弹道存在模型简化误差的情况下,该制导律仍然可以执行。     

基于偏差信息的星载计算机系统负载平衡算法的研究

相邻结点负载平衡算法具有计算简单、额外开销小的优点。但由于采用局部的观点平衡负载，限制了结点信息得到的范围，使得系统在某种情况下达不到全局平衡，本文提出了基于偏差信息的星载计算机系统负载平衡算法，它改变了结点传递的实际负载信息，使修改后的负载信息能体现出结点及其周边结点的负载形势，以此弥补了相邻结点负载平衡算法的不足，并将其应用在星载计算机系统上，首先，介绍了相邻结点负载平衡算法及其存在的不足；其次，描述了基于偏差信息的星载计算机系统负载平衡算法，最后，通过仿真实验，给出了这种算法同其它几种负载平衡算法的比较，并证明了它的正确性与可行性。     

机动再入飞行器的一种预测制导方法

研究了机动再入飞行器返回地面固定目标的一种预测制导方法.利用高斯方法解算出再入过程中飞行器需要的最小速度增量,将其转换成速度坐标系下需要的气动力,通过调整其攻角以及侧滑角来达到控制飞行器的目的,从而得到了一种预测制导方法.仿真显示,此算法简单,运算速度快,具有较高的落点精度,且对大气密度的不确定性及导航信息偏差具有较强的鲁棒性.