Two-Way-Coupling Method for Rapid Aerothermoelastic Analyses of Hypersonic Wings

Several types of coupling methods for resolving aerothermoelastic problems associated with hypersonic wings are summarized,and the appropriate coupling methods for engineering calculations are selected.Then,the calculation and analysis methods for the subdisciplines in this field are introduced,and the time step issue is discussed.A two-way-coupling rapid static aerothermoelastic method for analyzing hypersonic wings is proposed.This method considers thermal effects and is used to conduct an aerothermoelastic response analysis for a hypersonic wing.In addition,the aerodynamic force,heat flux,structural deformation and temperature field are obtained.The following three conclusions are drawn.First,the heating effect has a significant impact on the static aeroelastic response of hypersonic wings;therefore,thermal protection shields are essential.Second,the application of thermal protection shields reduces the differences in the calculation results between the one-and two-way-coupling methods.Third,hypersonic wings exhibit large thermal deformation under high-temperature environments,and in certain cases,the thermal deformation is even larger than the deformation caused by aerodynamic force.     

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

亚超剪切混合层燃油雾化特性试验研究

为了摸清亚超大梯度剪切混合层内直射式喷嘴的燃油雾化特性,设计了用于向亚超剪切混合流中进行燃油喷射的直射式喷嘴,建立了亚超剪切混合层中燃油雾化试验系统。利用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）,对亚超大梯度混合层中油雾场进行测量。通过改变喷嘴流量、喷射角度和喷嘴数量研究不同参数对雾化特性的影响,并应用图像处理技术对亚超大梯度剪切混合层内的油雾场进行分析,总结归纳其雾化规律。试验结果显示：随着流量增大,穿透深度会随之增大,破碎后的颗粒分布峰值所对应的液滴直径会逐渐变小,雾化效果提升;相同流量条件下,喷嘴的角度改变对雾化效果有影响,顺喷和逆喷的雾化效果均好于垂直喷射;逆喷的喷射高度最高,随着流量的增长,燃料将会碰壁;顺喷条件下,随着角度的增加,穿透长度会有所增加;综合燃油轨迹边界,逆喷的效果相对较好。相同流量条件下,喷孔个数的改变对雾化效果和穿透深度的影响不大。     

航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳研究进展

航空发动机和燃气轮机在海洋环境下服役时,热端部件承受高温、高压、高转速机械载荷和高盐雾、高湿度等腐蚀环境耦合作用,常发生热腐蚀-疲劳失效,影响结构完整性、安全性和可靠性。本文针对航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳失效问题,总结和分析了涡轮盘、涡轮叶片高温合金及涂层热腐蚀机理,涡轮盘、涡轮叶片高温合金热腐蚀-疲劳失效机理以及热腐蚀-疲劳寿命预测模型和寿命评估方法,并对航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳试验研究和寿命评估方法的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进燃气-海洋环境耦合作用下热端部件结构完整性评定方法的发展。     

Cessna 172飞机发动机导风板电嘴接近孔堵盖改进设计探讨

Cessna 172R型飞机是中国民航飞行学院从美国Cessna公司引进、作为初级训练飞行的飞机。在对该机长期的维护过程中,发现发动机导风板上电嘴接近孔堵盖的保险耳片易疲劳折断而失效。若落入发动机舱,不仅影响发动机正常散热,还将威胁发动机的运行安全。本文的主要目的是通过对堵盖失效原因的分析,提出可行的改进设计方案,从根本上解决该型飞机发动机导风板上电嘴接近孔堵盖失效这一问题。     

PARAMETER ANALYSIS ON CIRCULATION CONTROLLED CIRCULAR CYLINDER FOR NOTARTM TAIL BOOM

Lift on circulation control （CC） circular cylinder is calculated via numerical simulations based on 2D real- izable k-e epsilon viscous model and compared with experimental data. The simulation result shows an acceptable agreement with tested data. With the proved grid and simulation method, series of simulations are conducted to study the effect of parameters on lift. Single slotted tail booms under different clown wash velocities are optimized with the principle of generating maximum total moment around the main rotor shaft with same total power con- sumption. The results show that larger jet flow velocity, or smaller blow angle, or larger diameter of the cross section can help generating larger lift while enhancing the attachment of both the jet flow and down wash flow. Multiple slotted tail boom is better because it increases lift with same total slot width, and can increase lift by in- creasing total slot width without causing separation, also it helps generating high steady lift at a big rank of slot at- tack angles. To mount a guide vane （GV） at the exit of the slot, or shape the upper slot wall like a smooth-GV, or design the slot with an edge fillet is not recommended because it reduces the velocity of both the jet flow and the upstream of the attached downwash flow. Compared with other shapes of the slots, arcs-profiled slot performs better because of larger jet flow velocity and smaller blow angle. In order to generate the largest moment with same total power consumed by the entire NOTARTM system, total width of the slots and slot attack angle should be optimized according to velocity of down wash flow.     

海上小井眼脉冲空化射流发生器射流特性室内试验研究

为了经济地开发海上边际油气资源,将小井眼单通道井井身结构及水力脉冲空化射流提速技术相结合研制出了小尺寸(外径为120mm)水力脉冲空化射流发生器,并采用室内试验研究了其射流特性。分析了其在不同排量下的出口压力脉动频率、入出口压力脉动振幅、工具压耗等参数和自激振荡喷嘴的射流特性。研究表明,出口压力脉动频率与排量呈线性增大关系,入口及出口压力脉动振幅随排量增大而呈增大趋势,工具压耗与排量呈2次增大关系,自激振荡喷嘴能够产生负压和空化效应。     

圆柱尾流中眼镜蛇探针与热线的性能对比

在雷诺数为7200的圆柱尾流中对眼镜蛇探针与热线的测量结果进行了详细对比,主要包括:时均速度、雷诺应力、概率密度函数、自相关函数和能谱等。从对比结果可以发现眼镜蛇探针数据的拒绝率随湍流度增大而增大,但在本实验中其对时均测量结果无明显影响。尽管眼镜蛇探针数据有效率在95%以上,但相对于热线其明显高估了雷诺应力。尤其是主雷诺剪切应力u*v*,眼镜蛇探针与热线测量结果的差异要显著大于两者在雷诺正应力上的测量差异。由于无法反映高频随机脉动的影响,眼镜蛇探针所测信号自相关系数的周期性明显强于热线。眼镜蛇探针对速度u和v的响应存在区别,使得两者能谱在惯性子区内有显著差异,不能像热线一样反映出惯性子区内小尺度湍流的各向同性。     

民机机翼结构静力破坏预估研究

为避免飞机结构试验的灾难性破坏,一般要求在试验前对试件的破坏载荷与部位进行预估。采用工程法和有限元法相结合的手段对民机机翼结构进行了破坏预估分析,给出了危险部位及其破坏载荷和安全裕度。此外,又根据该机翼非破坏试验的测量数据,对所预估的可靠性进行了分析认证。采用对"计算"的安全裕度与"试验"的安全裕度对比的方法,阐明了所预估结果的可靠性与偏安全性,可满足工程实用要求。     

展向离散抽吸法控制边界层转捩实验研究

通过实验成功发展了一种生成大振幅稳定条带的有效方法,即展向离散抽吸方法。在此基础上,开展条带控制边界层转捩的研究。实验在水洞中进行,以零压力梯度平板边界层为研究对象,利用氢气泡时间线法观测引入条带前后人工激发转捩边界层中扰动发展变化,分析条带对转捩的控制效果及参数影响。结果表明,展向离散抽吸方法生成的稳定条带最大振幅可达28.4%U(U 为自由流速度);实验中引入的宽度14和28mm 的稳定条带都能起到抑制转捩的作用;条带振幅越大、宽度越窄,抑制效果越明显。研究结果为探索降低水/空气中航行器摩阻的新技术提供有价值的参考。