基于MFC的拉扭复合系统界面设计

为了方便对拉扭复合系统中2台伺服电机的控制,设计了基于MFC的上位机界面。通过串口通信,使用不同的按钮操作设置伺服驱动器相应参数,从而控制2台伺服电机的运行。上位机实时接收伺服驱动器监控数据绘制出转速、位移、转矩曲线。针对在数据接收过程中信息帧接收错误的情况,使用拼接两相邻错误信息帧的方法进行修复。结果表明:上位机界面实现了系统功能及对电机运行工况的监控。     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧模态转换直连式实验研究

为获得燃烧模态转换过程对超燃冲压发动机工作特性的影响,在直连式实验台上,通过液态煤油流量的线性变化,开展了飞行马赫数4.5条件下燃烧室不同工作模态的转换实验。通过对特征位置和参数的监测,实现了燃烧模态的实时判别,获得了燃烧模态转换过程对发动机性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,在燃烧模态转换过程中滞环现象明显,燃烧室压力和发动机推力性能存在突变。在燃油流量以相同的速率增加和减小过程中发生模态转换时刻的燃油当量比存在差异,分别为0.55和0.488,两个转换点燃烧室比推相差8.05%。在滞环区间内,对于同一当量比,会存在两个不同燃烧模态,对应不同的发动机推力性能。     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

磁场对高电压霍尔推力器性能影响研究

为研究磁场构型、磁场强度对高电压霍尔推力器主要性能的影响机理,以HET-200推力器为对象,采用固定磁场构型和不固定磁场构型两种方案进行实验研究。结果表明,在不固定构型的情况下增强磁场,放电电流存在两个极小值,效率也存在相应的两个极大值;但当固定磁场构型时,则放电电流只有一个最小值,效率也只有一个最大值。以最优效率下的磁场构型为基准,获得了磁场与电压、磁场与流量的匹配关系分别为B_(r, max)∝V~(0.7),B_(r, max)∝m。     

氦气鼓泡法获取液氢过冷度的传热传质研究

为了更好地理解氦气鼓泡获取液氢过冷度的冷却行为,优化设计冷却系统,基于集总参数法,建立了氦气鼓泡冷却系统的热力学模型,考虑了气泡界面能和压力对系统冷却效果的影响,分析了氦气注入液氢内时瞬时传热传质过程,讨论了各个影响因素。与液氢试验数据对比,热力学模型的计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明该模型可精确预测氦气鼓泡冷却液氢的热力学过程。研究了相关因素对过冷度的影响,结果表明:采用氦气鼓泡方法可将液氢过冷至三相点处;在额定工况下,氦气消耗量基本上是液氢消耗量的7倍;增加氦气鼓泡速率、降低氦气鼓泡温度、减少环境热侵、减小贮箱气枕压力,均可有效改善液氢过冷度。     

稳态与瞬态冲击射流换热性能实验对比

为了对比研究稳态与瞬态单孔冲击射流的传热性能,采用热色液晶测温技术获取实验件被冲击表面的传热系数分布。实验中改变了冲击雷诺数Re和冲击孔直径比L/d,利用工业相机拍摄实验件凹表面颜色变化过程,计算并对比两种射流条件下局部努塞尔数Nu_D的分布,并与文献值进行比较。研究表明相对于稳态冲击射流,瞬态冲击射流的传热性能更佳。通过记录整个冲击射流过程,得到Nu_D随时间t变化关系。驻点附近NuD随冲击的进行逐渐减小并趋于稳定。随冲击雷诺数Re增大或冲击孔直径比L/d接近6,瞬态冲击射流的强化传热效果逐渐明显,强化效果可达15%以上。     

液体推进剂在轨剩余量测量方法研究进展

介绍了在轨航天器液体推进剂剩余量测量技术国内外研究进展,并展望了未来的研究方向。首先简要介绍了造成微重力条件下液体推进剂剩余量测量困难的原因;接着回顾了液体推进剂剩余量测量技术的发展脉络,将其技术发展分为技术萌芽、技术成熟和新技术探索三个阶段;然后从基本原理、误差分析、研究进展等方面综述了常用的簿记法(Book-Keeping,BK)、压力体积温度法(Pressure-Volume-Temperature,PVT)和热量激励法(Thermal Gauging Method,TGM)等液体推进剂在轨剩余量测量技术,对比分析了各种方法的优缺点;最后,展望了液体推进剂在轨剩余量测量技术的发展方向:一是利用不同测量技术在不同卫星寿命期间具有不同测量精度的特点,将多种测量技术进行结合,以提高整体测量精度;二是开发适用于卫星全寿命周期高精度测量的新方法。     

预旋系统稳态和非稳态计算对比研究

针对预旋系统由于旋转引起流场和温度场参数周期性瞬态变化的问题,分别采用滑移网格的瞬态法和固定转子相位的稳态法进行数值求解,并在稳态计算中通过改变转子相位来近似模拟非稳态问题的时空变化特性。通过稳态空间平均结果与非稳态时均结果的对比,以期为预旋系统非稳态问题的低成本求解提供方法依据。结果表明：稳态计算结果与非稳态计算结果相比,周期性波动频率一致,接受孔进口处,稳态计算的压力波动幅度小39%左右,温度波动幅度小15%左右;多个相位的稳态空间平均结果与非稳态时均结果相比,压力高0.2%,温度低0.1%;采用多个计算周期数与单个周期的非稳态计算结果差异微小。当采用喷嘴出口气流中心正对接受孔迎风面前缘的转子相位时,稳态计算结果与非稳态计算时均结果最接近。     

凝胶推进剂模拟液撞击雾化特性研究

为了寻求凝胶推进剂雾化机理、提高其雾化效果,开展幂律流体双股圆柱射流撞击的理论和实验研究。首先推导了幂律型流体射流撞击形成液膜的理论模型,在其中引入粘性力和能量损失。进而通过设计凝胶模拟液射流撞击实验,使用高速摄像机拍摄图像的方法进行了相关的实验研究,以验证理论的正确性。在此基础上,对撞击角度、射流速度分布及液体部分物性参数对液膜形状、厚度及速度分布的影响进行了分析,得到了相关参数的影响规律。研究结果表明,射流撞击角、速度型、液体表面张力系数、流变特性等均对液膜特性有明显影响,且流体本身的物理性质对撞击形成的液膜的影响更甚。