龙卷风维持特性的探索

利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法建立了模拟龙卷风的装置模型。基于龙卷风在平面上的速度型,拟合成函数关系式,在三维CFD程序中设置初始速度场以及相关的边界条件,匹配不同的初始温度场进行了关于龙卷风维持和发展的一系列数值模拟。重现并利用漩涡管的Ranque-Hilsch效应以及汇流换热原理分析了本文2种不同的温度型对龙卷风内部流场变量随时间推移所发生的变化,同时揭示了龙卷风产生并维持下去的一种可能性,即冷热气流汇流换热生成温度场可能是产生和维持龙卷风的直接原因,并在此基础上提出使龙卷风削弱甚至消亡的方法,即破坏温度场。      

Evaluation of dose rate reduction in a spacecraft compartment due to additional water shield

The dose reduction rates brought about by the installation of additional water shielding in a spacecraft are calculated in the paper using the particles and heavy ion transport code system PHITS, which can deal with transport of all kinds of hadrons and heavy ions with energies up to 100 GeV/n in three-dimensional phase spaces. In the PHITS simulation, an imaginary spacecraft was irradiated isotropically by cosmic rays with charges up to 28 and energies up to 100 GeV/n, and the dose reduction rates due to water shielding were evaluated for 5 types of doses: the dose equivalents obtained from the LET and linear energy spectra, the dose equivalents to skin and red bone marrow, and the effective dose equivalent. The results of the simulation indicate that the dose reduction rates differ according to the type of dose evaluated. For example, 5 g/cm² water shielding reduces the effective dose equivalent and the LET dose equivalent by approximately 14% and 32%, respectively. Such degrees of dose reduction can be regarded to make water shielding worth the efforts required to install it.     

The subauroral electron density trough: Comparison between satellite observations and IRI-2007 model estimates

We compare electron density predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model with in situ measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE for the years from 2005 to 2010 over the subauroral regions. The electron density between 58° and 68° Mlat are considered. The trough region Ne peaks during local summers and attain the valley during local winter. Around −100°E and 60°E, two larger electron density sectors features can be seen in both hemispheres during all three seasons, which attributed to the electron extending from middle latitude to trough region. From 2005 to the beginning of 2010, the model overestimates the trough region Ne by 20% on average and the decrease of Ne in this region can also be seen during the last solar minimum. In the southern hemisphere, the model prediction shows quite well consistence with the observation during all three seasons while the huge difference between observations and model estimation implies that the IRI-2007 model needs significant improvement to predict better the trough region in northern hemisphere.     

Seismic deformation of the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from high-rate GPS observations

High-rate GPS positioning has been recognized as a powerful tool in estimating epoch-wise station displacement which is particularly useful for seismology. In this study, station displacements during the 12 May 2008 M_w 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake are derived from the 1-Hz GPS data collected at a set of stations in China. The impacts of integer ambiguity resolution and station environment-dependent effects are investigated in order to yield more accurate results. The position accuracy of horizontal components of better than 1 cm suggests that GPS can sense the rapid position oscillation of about 2 cm in amplitude. Temporal and spatial analysis is applied to the surface displacement at station XANY and the characteristics of the movements due to Rayleigh and Love waves are detected and discussed. The comparison of GPS-derived displacement with relevant synthetic data computed based on a recently published rapture model shows a reasonable agreement in waveform. The various differences in amplitude need further investigation and also imply that rapture inversion might be improved if GPS-derived displacement is assimilated.     

Investigations on temperature distribution of satellite surfaces affected by solar absorptivity

Based on the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method, the network coefficients of thermal network model describing the radiation heat transfer among satellite surfaces is solved by considering the surface material optical characters. It is superiority to the conventional Gebhart’s method in view of the grey body and the diffuse reflection assumptions. The zone leveling method is used to discrete the governing equations and the solar absorpivity is separated and considered to be an important correction parameter. Effects of the solar incidence round angle, the zenith angle and the ratio of absorpivity to emissivity (RAE) on temperature distribution are numerically simulated and discussed in detail. The higher or the lower the RAE may be lead to the alternative heating and cooling tend with a larger heating or cooling velocity of main body surfaces than the solar array surfaces. Furthermore, maximum temperature of main body is almost larger than solar arrays. Under the same RAE, solar incidence angle make a great effect on the uniform character of temperature distribution.     

高低轨双星时频差无源定位精度

高低轨卫星联合定位是提高地面辐射源无源定位精度的有效方法。从时差基线、速度差增加方面分析了高低轨双星定位精度相对同轨卫星定位精度高的原因,推导出高低轨双星时频差定位误差分布表达式,分析了高低轨联合定位适用的时频差测量方法及其测量精度。仿真分析结果表明:在低轨卫星星下点附近较大范围内,定位精度达到百米量级。验证了双星相对位置变化、时频差测量误差、高低轨卫星自身位置速度测量误差等因素对高低轨双星定位精度的影响。     

TDICCD相机安装精度对系统调制传递函数的影响

论述了对TDICCD相机安装精度导致调制传递函数（MTF）下降的机理,定量分析了TDICCD相机安装精度对MTF的影响程度,并分析了TDICCD相机安装精度与卫星飞行姿态的耦合效应对MTF的影响。文章的分析方法,可为合理确定TDICCD相机的安装精度指标提供理论分析的依据。     

固体推进剂/衬层界面裂纹的界面层模型有限元分析

建立了固体推进剂/衬层界面裂纹的界面层有限元模型,该模型将界面层划分成3个区域,每一区域内采用特定函数表示材料初始弹性模量的分布。应用软件ABAQUS划分网格并采用子程序USDFLD定义界面层内梯度材料的初始模量,计算得到了法向和剪切位移加载下的应力应变场和应力强度因子。计算结果表明,界面贮存时间延长时,裂纹尖端附近整体应力及应力强度因子明显减小,而应变最大值略有增大。该模型的建立及计算结果对求解固体推进剂/衬层界面裂纹问题有一定的工程意义。