固冲发动机三维内流场数值计算与应用

利用三维隐式有限体积ＴＶＤ格式求解Ｎ－Ｓ／Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程组,数值模拟固体燃料冲压发动机（ＳＦＲＪ）突扩燃烧室、补燃室和喷管的统一内流场,研究了从亚声速到跨声速到超声速的整个工作过程,揭示了ＳＦＲＪ内复杂的流场结构,并与试验进行对比研究,数值结果与试验吻合很好。     

双时间步长加权ENO-强紧致高分辨率格式及在叶轮机械非定常流动中的应用

在非结构网格下,针对非定常三维N-S方程组发展了一种双时间步长高精度快速迭代格式。该格式在时间上具有二阶精度,在空间上将r=3的加权ENO格式与强紧致格式相结合去处理N-S方程中的对流项以及离散方程的右端项,并用四阶精度的紧致格式去计算N-S方程中的粘性项。典型的3个算例从不同侧面对格式进行了考核。计算表明:该算法具有高效率与高分辨率的特征,所得的计算结果与相关实验数据比较吻合,初步表明了该算法可以在非结构网格下模拟非定常流动的物理过程。      

Progress of super-pressure balloon development: A new “tawara” concept with improved stability

The super-pressure balloon (SPB) has been expected to be a flight vehicle that can provide a long flight duration to science. Since 1997, we have developed the SPB. Now we are at the phase of developing an SPB of a practical size. In 2009, we carried out a test flight of a pumpkin-shaped SPB with a 60,000 m³ volume. The undesirable result of this flight aroused us to resolve the deployment instability of the pumpkin-shaped SPB, which has been known as one of the most challenging issues confronting SPB development. To explore this deployment issue, in 2010, we carried out a series of ground tests. From results of these tests, we found that an SPB design modified from pumpkin, named “tawara”, can be a good candidate to greatly improve the deployment stability of the lobed SPB.     

A follow-up of in-orbit observations of radiation-induced effects in commercial of the shelf memories on-board Alsat-1

This paper presents a follow-up of the results of an 8-year study on radiation effects in commercial off the shelf (COTS) memory devices operating within the on-board data handling system of the Algerian micro-satellite Alsat-1 in a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). A statistical analysis of single-event upset (SEU) and multiple-bit upset (MBU) activity in commercial memories on-board the Alsat-1 primary On-Board Computer (OBC-386) is given. The OBC-386 is an Intel 80C386EX based system that plays a dual role for Alsat-1, acting as the key component of the payload computer as well as the command and control computer for the micro-satellite. The in-orbit observations show that the typical SEU rate at Alsat-1’s orbit is 4.04 × 10⁻⁷ SEU/bit/day, where 98.6% of these SEUs cause single-bit errors, 1.22% cause double-byte errors, and the remaining SEUs result in multiple-bit and severe errors.     

DNA DSB induced by iron ions in human fibroblasts: LET dependence and shielding efficiency.

This paper reports on DNA DSB induction in human fibroblasts by iron ions of different energies, namely 5, 1 GeV/u, 414 and 115 MeV/u, in absence or presence of different shields (PMMA, Al and Pb). Measure of DNA DSB was performed by calibrated Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis using the fragment counting method. The RBE-LET relationships for unshielded and shielded beams were obtained both in terms of dose average LET and of track average LET. Weak dependence on these parameters was observed for DSB induction. The shielding efficiency, evaluated by the ratio between the cross sections for unshielded and shielded beams, depends not only on the shield type and thickness, but also on the beam energy. Protection is only observed at high iron ions energy, especially at 5 GeV/u, where PMMA shield gives higher protection compared to Al or Pb shields of the same thickness expressed in g/cm2.     

Dynamic Cramer-Rao bound for target tracking in clutter

Recently, there have been several new results for an old topic, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Specifically, it has been shown that for a wide class of parameter estimation problems (e.g. for objects with deterministic dynamics) the matrix CRLB, with both measurement origin uncertainty (i.e., in the presence of false alarms or random clutter) and measurement noise, is simply that without measurement origin uncertainty times a scalar information reduction factor (IRF). Conversely, there has arisen a neat expression for the CRLB for state estimation of a stochastic dynamic nonlinear system (i.e., objects with a stochastic motion); but this is only valid without measurement origin uncertainty. The present paper can be considered a marriage of the two topics: the clever Riccati-like form from the latter is preserved, but it includes the IRF from the former. The effects of plant and observation dynamics on the CRLB are explored. Further, the CRLB is compared via simulation to two common target tracking algorithms, the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) and the multiframe (N-D) assignment algorithm.     

Tracking with classification-aided multiframe data association

In most conventional tracking systems, only the target kinematic information from, for example, a radar or sonar or an electro-optical sensor, is used in measurement-to-track association. Target class information, which is typically used in postprocessing, can also be used to improve data association to give better tracking accuracy. The use of target class information in data association can improve discrimination by yielding purer tracks and preserving their continuity. In this paper, we present the simultaneous use of target classification information and target kinematic information for target tracking. The approach presented integrates target class information into the data association process using the 2-D (one track list and one measurement list) as well as multiframe (one track list and multiple measurement lists) assignments. The multiframe association likelihood is developed to include the classification results based on the "confusion matrix" that specifies the accuracy of the target classifier. The objective is to improve association results using class information when the kinematic likelihoods are similar for different targets, i.e., there is ambiguity in using kinematic information alone. Performance comparisons with and without the use of class information in data association are presented on a ground target tracking problem. Simulation results quantify the benefits of classification-aided data association for improved target tracking, especially in the presence of association uncertainty in the kinematic measurements. Also, the benefit of 5-D (or multiframe) association versus 2-D association is investigated for different quality classifiers. The main contribution of this paper is the development of the methodology to incorporate exactly the classification information into multidimensional (multiframe) association.