Effects of temperature, CO2/O2 concentrations and light intensity on cellular multiplication of microalgae, Euglena gracilis.

Microalgae culture is likely to play an important role in aquatic food production modules in bioregenerative systems for producing feeds for fish, converting CO2 to O2 and remedying water quality as well as aquatic higher plants. In the present study, the effects of culture conditions on the cellular multiplication of microalgae, Euglena gracilis, was investigated as a fundamental study to determine the optimum culture conditions for microalgae production in aquatic food production modules including both microalgae culture and fish culture systems. E. gracilis was cultured under conditions with five levels of temperatures (25-33 degrees C), three levels of CO2 concentrations (2-6%), five levels of O2 concentrations (10-30%), and six levels of photosynthetic photon flux (20-200 micromoles m-2 s-1). The number of Euglena cells in a certain volume of solution was monitored with a microscope under each environmental condition. The multiplication rate of the cells was highest at temperatures of 27-31 degrees C, CO2 concentration of 4%, O2 concentration of 20% and photosynthetic photon flux of about 100 micromoles m-2 s-1. The results demonstrate that E. gracilis could efficiently produce biomass and convert CO2 to O2 under relatively low light intensities in aquatic food production modules.     

3旋流燃烧室头部冷态流场数值计算与试验验证

为了探究单管燃烧室壁面开设光学观察窗与3维倾斜冷却孔对燃烧室冷态头部流场结构的影响规律,利用CFD软件对某型发动机单头部燃烧室结构及简化结构的流场特性进行数值计算,并利用粒子测速仪（PIV）对开设光学观察窗的单管燃烧室头部冷态流场进行了试验验证。结果表明：单管燃烧室冷态流场数值计算结果与PIV测量结果基本相同,验证了数值计算的准确性。燃烧室进口空气流量的增加不影响燃烧室回流区的大小;单管燃烧室壁面冷却孔的布置位置对冷态流场中心回流区几乎无影响;在单管燃烧室水平方向壁面上开设光学观察窗,对水平方向的回流区影响较大,而垂直平面上的回流区几乎不受影响。     

一种基于FPGA的雷达导航系统数据高效管理与检索方法

传统导航雷达信号采集回放系统中,文件系统构建和管理常基于操作系统,不能满足高带宽数据的实时存储与回放.针对此问题,提出了一种基于FP GA的两级文件管理与检索方法,第一级根据文件信息粗略地定位到文件,第二级根据B码时间等信息定位到具体数据包.利用FP GA的并行处理特性完成信息系统建立、文件系统建立和数据检索,实现了高速海量数据的高效管理与检索.与传统数据管理方式相比,本文所述的数据管理与检索方式占用存储空间小,逻辑简单,易于硬件实现.     

一种对基于耗尽关机多级固体火箭概念设计的改进方法

由于维护简单和发射快速,弹道导弹多用固体火箭发动机,但繁杂的推力终止装置使各级装药不能耗尽并让结构增重。提出了一种对基于耗尽关机多级固体火箭概念设计的改进方法,此方法满足导弹系统主要的战技要求。为解决无推力终止装置的末速不准问题。可在末级发动机采用姿态调整装置,对射角进行调整,配合末速以满足射程要求。本方法还可抑制敌方反导探测。     

六自由度并联机构位姿调整灵敏度分析

文章针对六自由度(6DOF)并联位姿调整机构,构建一种基于杆–台夹角的误差传递新模型,建立了位姿调整与杆长驱动控制间的对应关系,并基于对误差模型中传递矩阵的奇异值分解,提出位姿–杆长灵敏度分析方法。最终通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。与传统方法相比,文章提出的方法运算更为简单,可快速得到机构的灵敏度特性,从而为六自由度并联机构构型设计及其杆长控制精度要求分析提供理论依据。     

多尺度湍流模型在圆柱绕流中的应用

使用基于可变时间间隔平均方法的多尺度湍流模型,对高超临界区雷诺数下非定常圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟.结果表明:多尺度湍流模型在升阻力系数预测上与实验值一致,而标准k-ε模型和SST(shear stress transport)k-ω模型却只能兼顾其一;在旋涡脱落特性预测上与实验值相一致,其误差小于SST k-ω模型的5.8%和标准k-ε模型的37.6%;在表面平均压力系数分布预测上其误差仅为3.6%,明显优于SSTk-ω模型的13%和标准k-ε模型的53.7%;在表面摩擦因数分布及分离角度方面与实验结果相吻合,且分离角度误差仅为0.78%,结果优于标准k-ε模型的1.04%和SSTk-ω模型的1.83%,充分验证了该湍流模型应用于复杂湍流模拟预报的潜力.     

Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) investigation will use a 2-megapixel color camera with a focusable macro lens aboard the rover, Curiosity, to investigate the stratigraphy and grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials in northwestern Gale crater. Of particular interest is the stratigraphic record of a ～5?km thick layered rock sequence exposed on the slopes of Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp). The instrument consists of three parts, a?camera head mounted on the turret at the end of a robotic arm, an electronics and data storage assembly located inside the rover body, and a calibration target mounted on the robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator housing. MAHLI can acquire in-focus images at working distances from ～2.1?cm to infinity. At the minimum working distance, image pixel scale is ～14?μm per pixel and very coarse silt grains can be resolved. At the working distance of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager cameras aboard Spirit and Opportunity, MAHLI’s resolution is comparable at ～30?μm per pixel. Onboard capabilities include autofocus, auto-exposure, sub-framing, video imaging, Bayer pattern color interpolation, lossy and lossless compression, focus merging of up to 8 focus stack images, white light and longwave ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination of nearby subjects, and 8 gigabytes of non-volatile memory data storage.     

不可压缩湍流的色散模型

分析了广泛存在于湍流运动中的能量逆转现象,揭示了其产生的原因,提出了湍流的色散性质.在此基础上,修改了Boussinesq假设,建立了包含色散效应的新的雷诺应力封闭式和湍流色散系数,给出与不同模型相结合时,湍流色散系数所具有的不同形式,并阐述了湍流运动中能量的传递方向及条件.采用不可压缩平板边界层流动和平面后台阶流动验证了其可信性和优越性.平板摩擦阻力系数及边界层速度型与实验结果吻合良好,平面后台阶流动的流向再附长度、台阶边压力系数及湍流强度等参数均比标准k-ε模型更接近实验结果.结果表明:色散项的加入可以在不显著增加计算量的同时显著改善预测精度,模型具有一定的工程应用价值.      

不可压缩翼型绕流数值研究

使用标准k-ω模型及与色散模型相耦合的k-ω模型分别计算了NACA0012翼型和NACA 4412翼型的低速绕流问题.NACA 0012翼型计算了其来流雷诺数为2.88×106,攻角从0°到15°范围内的流动结构、翼型表面压力分布和升力、阻力特性;NACA 4412翼型计算了临界雷诺数为1.52×106,攻角为13.87°时的流动分离和翼型表面压力系数 ,并与实验数据进行对比.结果表明:在同等条件下,使用与色散模型相耦合的k-ω模型计算得到的NACA 0012翼型的升力和阻力系数比标准k-ω模型提高精度约5%,NACA 4412翼型的表面压力系数精度提高了约3%,进一步验证了其可信性,可将其进一步应用到低速飞行器的气动计算中.      

The WIND magnetic field investigation

The magnetic field experiment on WIND will provide data for studies of a broad range of scales of structures and fluctuation characteristics of the interplanetary magnetic field throughout the mission, and, where appropriate, relate them to the statics and dynamics of the magnetosphere. The basic instrument of the Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) is a boom-mounted dual triaxial fluxgate magnetometer and associated electronics. The dual configuration provides redundancy and also permits accurate removal of the dipolar portion of the spacecraft magnetic field. The instrument provides (1) near real-time data at nominally one vector per 92 s as key parameter data for broad dissemination, (2) rapid data at 10.9 vectors s^–1 for standard analysis, and (3) occasionally, snapshot (SS) memory data and Fast Fourier Transform data (FFT), both based on 44 vectors s^–1. These measurements will be precise (0.025%), accurate, ultra-sensitive (0.008 nT/step quantization), and where the sensor noise level is <0.006 nT r.m.s. for 0–10 Hz. The digital processing unit utilizes a 12-bit microprocessor controlled analogue-to-digital converter. The instrument features a very wide dynamic range of measurement capability, from ±4 nT up to ±65 536 nT per axis in eight discrete ranges. (The upper range permits complete testing in the Earth's field.) In the FTT mode power spectral density elements are transmitted to the ground as fast as once every 23 s (high rate), and 2.7 min of SS memory time series data, triggered automatically by pre-set command, requires typically about 5.1 hours for transmission. Standard data products are expected to be the following vector field averages: 0.0227-s (detail data from SS), 0.092 s (detail in standard mode), 3 s, 1 min, and 1 hour, in both GSE and GSM coordinates, as well as the FFT spectral elements. As has been our team's tradition, high instrument reliability is obtained by the use of fully redundant systems and extremely conservative designs. We plan studies of the solar wind: (1) as a collisionless plasma laboratory, at all time scales, macro, meso and micro, but concentrating on the kinetic scale, the highest time resolution of the instrument (=0.022 s), (2) as a consequence of solar energy and mass output, (3) as an external source of plasma that can couple mass, momentum, and energy to the Earth's magnetosphere, and (4) as it is modified as a consequence of its imbedded field interacting with the moon. Since the GEOTAIL Inboard Magnetometer (GIM), which is similar to the MFI instrument, was developed by members of our team, we provide a brief discussion of GIM related science objectives, along with MFI related science goals.