Skill maintenance in extended spaceflight: a human factors analysis of space and analogue work environments

This paper discusses the implications of increasing mission lengths of manned spaceflight for the design of future space systems from a human factors point of view. It is argued that the increase in mission duration has brought about a number of new problems, which have not been sufficiently addressed in space research. Therefore, a review of analogue work environments is carried out to make up for the paucity of space research found in the area of human performance in long-duration spaceflight. This resulted in an evaluation of seven analogue environments concerning their similarity to space with industrial process control and nuclear submarines coming out as the closest match on the technical dimension. Finally, some recommendations are given from the lessons learned in spaceflight, simulation studies and appropriate analogue environments.     

旋转系下的实时压力测量方法研究

航空发动机旋转盘表面的压力测量需要压力传感器与旋转盘一同旋转,因此压力传感器在感受测点压力的同时,其感压膜片还将受到旋转离心力的影响。为了能使压力传感器能反应真实被测点的压力值,在旋转设备上的压力传感器的实时标定技术成为解决这一问题的关键。本文利用空气柱在离心力场中的理论压差给出了旋转状态下的标准压力,进而对传感器进行了实时标定。      

Technology considerations relevant to an exobiology surface-science approach for Europa

If Europa is to be of primary exobiological interest, namely, as a habitat for extant life, it is obvious that (a) a hydrosphere must prevail beneath the cryosphere for a long time, (b) internal energy sources must be present in a sufficient state of activity, and (c) a reasonable technical means must be available for assessing if indeed life does exist in the hypothesized hydrosphere. This discussion focuses on the last point, namely, technological issues, because the trend of the compounding evidence about Europa indicates that the first two points are likely to be true. First, we present a consideration of time-of-flight mass spectroscopy conducted in situ on the cryosphere surface of Europa during a first landed robotic mission. We assert that this is a reasonable technical means not only for exploring the composition of the cryosphere itself, but also for locating any biomolecular indicators of extant life brought to the surface through cryosphere activity. Secondly, this work also addresses practical issues inherent in any kind of instrumental interrogation of a surface whose properties are governed by radiation chemistry. This includes advocating the construction of a Europan surface simulator to familiarize instrumental system developers with the spacecraft- and instrument-scale conditions under which such an interrogation would take place on Europa. Such a simulator is mandatory in certification of the functional utility of a flight instrument.     

MT300/802双马树脂基复合材料固化工艺及高温力学性能

采用热分析方法研究高活性802双马树脂的固化反应动力学特征,分析树脂固化度与固化温度、固化时间的关系,确定树脂固化制度150℃/1 h+180℃/2 h+200℃/4 h,制得MT300/802复合材料200℃固化T_g达到325℃,而相同固化温度XU292双马树脂T_g仅为234℃。进一步考察MT300/802复合材料室温、230、280及300℃的力学性能,结果表明,复合材料单向板280℃弯曲强度保持率达到了57%,300℃弯曲强度仍达到1 094 MPa,室温及高温层间剪切强度及面内剪切强度也表现出较高的性能水平,高活性802双马树脂及其复合材料固化温度相对较低而使用温度较高,能够满足航天领域耐高温主承力结构的应用要求。     

高强铝合金薄壁高筋大型壁板精确成形制造技术研究

针对现有铝合金薄板加筋条铆接或轧制厚板铣削的制造方式已经难以满足新型运载火箭舱段壁板在轻量化、高性能和低成本快速制造等方面的发展需求,从挤压成形所具有的高效率、高成形精度和良好的稳定性等特点出发,围绕高强韧高成形性可焊铝合金设计、高纯均质熔铸工艺、挤压流变整体成形以及复杂断面构件热处理调控的研究,提出采用带筋筒形件挤压开坯、精近成形后剖展的方法,制造宽幅薄壁高筋壁板,在降低宽幅薄壁高筋壁板对工装高要求的同时提高成形稳定性,并兼具高效、低成本、高性能等特点,能够支撑轻质高强薄壁大型舱段的高性能、低成本、高效制造。