量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理的数学推导以及在小波分析中的应用

从傅里叶变换的定义出发,利用时变信号的短时傅里叶变换,推导出量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理,说明了两者之间存在这种联系的必然性,并给出了测不准原理在小波分析中的应用举例.     

激光辐照充压壳体的破坏评价(Ⅰ)——破坏概率分析

时激光辐照充压壳体破坏(失效)的结果进行评价时,对有关物理参量的不确定性进行定量分析是必要的.以充压壳体破坏(失效)的断裂机理为基础,讨论了如何建立壳体结构破坏(失效)的评价方法,问题的核心是建立壳体结构破坏(失效)的概率模型.该模型中,将影响结构破坏的各个物理参量划分为驱动力和抗力两种类型,通过计算驱动力和抗力的均值和标准差,可得到结构的破坏概率.在此基础上,给出了数值算例,得到了不同加载条件下模型壳体的破坏概率.     

一种基于模糊遗传算法的图像分块恢复方法

针对遗传算法进行图像恢复时运算复杂度高的问题,提出一种基于模糊遗传算法的图像分块恢复方法。将大尺寸的灰度退化图像均匀划分为若干子图块,对各子图块依次采用遗传算法进行恢复,并将其直方图统计数据输入模糊逻辑控制器自适应地调整适应度函数的参数、适应度拉伸时的退火初始温度、交叉概率和变异概率,最后将恢复后的子图块重组为整幅图像并对因分块所造成的边界噪声进行相应处理。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效降低遗传算法进行图像恢复的复杂度,恢复图像的质量也较维纳滤波法和传统遗传算法有明显提高。     

Multiple model Kalman filter for attitude determination of precision pointing spacecraft

This paper proposes a novel multiple model estimator for the satellite attitude determination system composed of gyroscopes and star sensors. The main objective is to calibrate the low frequency error of the star sensor and improve the attitude determination accuracy. In the proposed approach, first, the specific frequencies of the low frequency error is extracted according to the frequency spectrum of the estimate of the gyroscope drift obtained from a standard Kalman filter; then, a bank of Kalman filters based on multiple models is implemented to identify the amplitudes of the error signals with the specific frequencies, such that a reference model is obtained to compensate for the effects of the low frequency error. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing calibration approach based on the state augmentation technique.     

With a grain of salt: what halite has to offer to discussions on the origin of life

This experimental study investigated how the dynamics of the crystallization of the evaporite mineral halite could affect the accumulation and preservation of organic macromolecules present in the crystallizing solution. Halite was grown under controlled conditions in the presence of polymer nanoparticles that acted as an analog to protocellular material. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to trace the localization of the nanoparticles during and after growth of halite crystals. The present study revealed that the organic nanoparticles were not regularly incorporated within the halite, but were very concentrated on its surfaces. Their distribution was controlled dominantly by the morphologic surface features of the mineral rather than by specific molecular interactions with an atomic plane of the mineral. This means that the distribution of organic molecules was controlled by surfaces like those of halite's evaporitic growth forms. The experiments with halite also demonstrated that a mineral need not continuously incorporate organic molecules during its crystallization to preserve those molecules: After rejection by (non-incorporation into) the crystallizing halite, the organic nanoparticles increased in concentration in the evaporating brine. They ultimately either adsorbed in rectilinear patterns onto the hopper-enhanced surfaces and along discontinuities within the crystals, or they were encapsulated within fluid inclusions. Of additional importance in origin-of-life considerations is the fact that halite in the natural environment rapidly can change its role from that of a protective repository (in the absence of water) to that of a source of organic particles (as soon as water is present) when the mineral dissolves.     

卫星静电放电传导干扰耦合的试验研究

通过进行卫星电子系统空间静电放电(ESD)传导干扰的地面评价试验,可以直观地了解卫星结构及电缆中ESD传导干扰的耦合规律,对于静电放电传导干扰的防护设计具有指导意义.针对空间平板介质型天线系统的ESD传导干扰,设计了两种ESD传导干扰试验方法及其试验装置,进行了单点电流脉冲注入法和容性电流耦合注入法ESD传导干扰耦合评价试验,试验结果表明,利用上述方法进行空间电子系统的ESD传导干扰评价试验是有效的,其试验结果对于航天器防静电设计具有重要实用价值.     

高超声速飞行器动态神经网络反推自适应控制

针对高超声速飞行器纵向模型的高度非线性特点,在考虑模型不确定性的情况下,提出了高超声速飞行器动态神经网络调节函数反推自适应控制方法.对给定的速度指令,引入积分型Lyapunov函数设计跟踪控制器,取消了控制增益一阶导数上界的限制,且避免了控制器的奇异性;对给定的高度指令,引入调节函数技术,设计了反推控制器,避免了将模型化为严反馈形式;采用动态神经网络对未知系统动态进行自适应在线逼近.根据Lyapunov理论证明了设计的控制律保证了闭环系统的稳定性与指令跟踪的精确性.仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性及有效性.     

二甲苯热解制备C/C复合材料的组织结构及力学行为研究

采用薄膜沸腾化学气相渗透技术,950～1 150℃下热解二甲苯对二维针刺炭毡致密化,30～35 h内制备出平均密度达1.72～1.74 g/cm3的C/C复合材料.采用排水法测量材料的密度,三点弯曲法测试材料的力学性能,偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜研究热解炭基体的组织结构和弯曲试样的断口形貌.结果表明,沉积温度为950℃时,热解炭在材料的轴向及径向呈现出从粗糙层(RL)向光滑层(SL)结构转变的趋势;在1 050℃和1 150℃条件下沉积的热解炭均为RL结构,且沉积温度为1 050℃时材料的密度分布较为均匀;当沉积温度由950℃升高至1 150℃时,C/C复合材料的弯曲强度从158.9 MPa降低到133.6 MPa,断裂方式也由脆性断裂转变为假塑性断裂.     

星地遥感数据压缩的差分编码方法研究

为了提高星地传输的工作效率,文章以信息论为理论基础,提出一种差分编码方法用于星地遥感数据的传输。同时,鉴于地表覆盖本身的不确定度与应用需求的不同,提出了分区预测差分编码与保持立体测量精度的差分编码。这两种压缩策略可进一步显著提高差分编码的压缩比。     

产品数据管理系统中PPOR模型研究与实践

面对数量和体积急剧增长的产品设计信息,企业必须加强产品数据信息管理.尽管从不同的产品数据管理的观点看,有不同的产品数据管理系统,但仍然有一些基本特性是一致的,总结并提出了产品数据管理应当满足的几项原理.PDM(Product Data Management)内涵是集成并管理与产品有关的信息与过程,因此对产品数据管理中的数据管理模型的研究是实现产品数据管理系统的关键步骤.PPOR模型分别是指产品(Product)管理模型、过程(Process)数据管理模型、组织(Organization)管理模型和资源(Resource)管理模型,各模型之间相互关联,构成了产品信息管理的框架.这些模型都用EXPRESS-G语言描述,并且按此实现了基于STEP标准的原型系统.