一种新型综合性靶场安全系统及其检验测试结果

本文首先简要介绍战略导弹发射场和航天发射场靶场安全系统的作用、特点、主要技术要求,接着介绍按美国空军航天司令部要求,由空军研究所开发的基于GPS弹道测量技术,外测、遥测、遥控综合为一体的机动型靶场安全系统——BMRST的构成及其经多种检验测试的结果。     

LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life

Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742.     

跟踪与数据中继卫星系统的性能

一、引言 自60年代初,NASA就组建和操作一个为近地轨道卫星服务的跟踪和数据获取网。TDRSS是一个新测控网,为目前和直到2000年的预期卫星任务服务。该网利用了已经验证的空间和地面系统有关技术构成一个全新的测控站,只是其前端设备置于地球同步轨道上。尽量采用了自动化技术,使系统设置到数据采集以及整个跟踪期间的通信几乎都不需要人操作。     

数字滤波器的一般原理和靶场现用滤波器的述评

本文阐述了靶场司令委员会成员靶场广泛采用的几种数字滤波器，介绍了这些滤波器的基本原理，以及用于某些数据处理的滤波器设计技术。     

STARDUST: finessing expensive cometary sample returns

The STARDUST Discovery mission will collect samples of cometary coma and interstellar dust and return them to Earth. Five years after launch in February 1999, coma dust in the 1- to 100-micrometers size range will be captured by impact into ultra-low-density silica aerogel during a 6 kms-1 flyby of Comet Wild 2. The returned samples will be investigated at laboratories where the most critical information on these primitive materials is retained. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory will provide project management with Lockheed Martin Astronauts as the spacecraft industrial partner. STARDUST management will aggressively and innovatively achieve cost control through the use of Total Quality Management principles, the chief of which will be organization in a Project Engineering and Integration Team that "flattens" the traditional hierarchical structure by including all project elements from the beginning, in a concurrent engineering framework focusing on evolving Integrated Mission Capability.     

Space motion sickness preflight adaptation training: preliminary studies with prototype trainers

Preflight training frequently has been proposed as a potential solution to the problem of space motion sickness. The paper considers successively the otolith reinterpretation, the concept for a preflight adaptation trainer and the research with the Miami University Seesaw, the Wright Patterson Air-Force Base Dynamic Environment Simulator and the Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator prototype adaptation trainers.     

卫星地面站费用／性能评估

在轨或计划中的近地轨道科学卫星、地球资源卫星和全球通信卫星数据的迅速增长，要求一种大大降低地面测控费用的方法。从经济上考虑，为每个近地轨道卫星建立单一、专用的卫星测量站已不再可行。为了拓展商业空间市场，需要一种新的方法来降低近地轨道卫星数据业务的费用。本文论述了近地轨道测控所需的性能，提出一种独特的、创新的办法提供测控服务和有效载荷服务。     

现有技术在航天发射场的重用

制订了一项靶场标准化和自动化(RSA)计划,以彻底改造美国空军司令部的靶场:佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角空军站的东靶场和加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地的西靶场。作为该现代化计划的一部分,现在正研究几项新技术,旨在提高性能,降低操作和维护费用。其中几项技术有望减少这些靶场发射运载火箭的费用,改变靶场外测的格局。 RSA计划准备分三个阶段进行。第一阶段于1993年由空间和导弹系统中心与哈里斯     

SCL语言：一个现成的航天器控制产品

在紧缩军事、民用和商业航天预算的时代，需要一种解决多星控制的现成方法。适用于多种航天器的标准操作接口允许地面和航天器操作采取同一种手段。许多航天工程的一个共同趋势是使航天器和地面站自主化，从而减少操作人员。接口和控制系统公司（ＩＣＳ）开发的“航天器控制语言”（ＳＣＬ）系统为航天器操作提供了一种现成的手段。ＳＣＬ系统提供了一种超描述接口，该接口对各航天工程都是标准的。它撇开航天器和地面站的硬件特性，     

一种高灵敏度全天候初始段安全监视系统——电子天空屏

本文首先分析我国航天发射场对初始段安全监视系统的迫切需求,接着介绍国外发射场所用天空屏的发展情况,电子天空屏的基本工作原理,电子天空屏的优缺点,最后给出电子天空屏实时数据处理的基本原理。