固体推进剂药柱结构安全裕度预测方法述评

当前,各工业公司用来预测固体推进剂药柱结构安全裕度的方法各不相同。虽然他们所用的计算公式均很相似,但针对具体问题算得的安全裕度值却是有正有负。事实上,这一问题已成为发动机药柱设计结构完整性评定工作产生混乱的根源。本文评论了影响安全裕度计算的各项参数,即破坏准则、结构分析方法、推进剂响应和破坏特性。本文还鉴别和讨论了与上述参数有关的技术问题,提出了今后研究工作中应予关注的问题。     

机载阵列雷达抑制运动杂波的学习算法

一种称为自适应空时处理器(STP)的线性滤波器是一种相对比较新的方法，它使机载阵列天线雷达目标检测概率达到最大。理论上，全自适应STP可以实时获得最优解(一种维恩滤波器)。但是，实际上全自适应STP也存在一些问题。首先，线性滤波器的加权数可能非常大。其次，单一加权矢量的计算复杂度大约为O(MN)^3。再次，STP为线性滤波器但却工作在非线性不稳定的环境中。这些问题导致采用空时处理器传统技术的实时、最佳处理是现行计算技术内所不及的。为使运动杂波对目标检测的影响最小，本文探讨了人工神经网络和几种学习算法的可应用性。人工神经网络是一种自适应、并行、分布式处理系统，可以实时完成复杂计算。学习算法的机理是为了存储新的信息或变更信息，人工神经网络中的长期存储器要不断更新而又不被破坏。由于学习算法既能在系统的使用期内保留信息又能变更信息，所以对雷达系统的计算要求降到了最低，同时还能适应环境的变化。     

二相流的最大推力喷管

本文针对在流场中含有凝态和固态颗粒的最大喷管设计进行了最佳分析。编制一套设计程序,程序中分析一个假定的喷管形状,确定它是否为最大推力喷管,若不是,就用松弛法修正假定的形状,直到获得最大推力喷管为止。参数的研究说明颗粒尺寸、喷管收敛角、喉部曲率半径、颗粒阻力、热传递系数、颗粒与气体质量流量比以及喷管尺寸的影响。     

Supercooled water brines within permafrost-an unknown ecological niche for microorganisms: a model for astrobiology

This study describes brine lenses (cryopegs) found in Siberian permafrost derived from ancient marine sediment layers of the Arctic Ocean. The cryopegs were formed and isolated from sediment ~100,000-120,000 years ago. They remain liquid at the in situ temperature of -10 degrees C as a result of their high salt content (170-300 g/L). [(14)C] Glucose is taken up by the cryopeg biomass at -15 degrees C, indicating microbial metabolism at low temperatures in this habitat. Furthermore, aerobic, anaerobic heterotrophs, sulfate reducers, acetogens, and methanogens were detected by most probable number analysis. Two psychrophilic microbes were isolated from the cryopegs, a Clostridium and a Psychrobacter. The closest relatives of each were previously isolated from Antarctica. The cryopeg econiche might serve as a model for extraterrestrial life, and hence is of particular interest to astrobiology.     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

Evaluation of bleomycin-induced chromosome aberrations under simulated microgravity conditions in human lymphocytes using "FISH" techniques

In the present investigation we report the effects of simulated microgravity conditions (clinostat) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro by (R) Bleomycin. Chromosomal aberrations have been analysed by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting). The results obtained show that, under simulated microgravity conditions, the levels of both symmetrical and asymmetrical (dicentrics, rings), the number of cells bearing "complex" aberrations and hence the total numbers of aberrations were significantly elevated at any of the dose-levels assayed, compared to the parallel treatments performed as 1g control ("ground"). Furthermore, the ratio symmetrical:asymmetrical translocations was markedly elevated under simulated microgravity conditions, compared to the findings usually observed under "normal" 1g conditions. On these bases, we are much inclined to believe that simulated microgravity, rather than limiting the resealing of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's) induced by genotoxic agents is influencing in terms of enhancement the misrejoining of DSB's which is actually responsible for the fixation of the original lesions to DNA into chromosomal aberrations. In addition, the possible different misrepair processes leading to the formation of symmetrical and asymmetrical translocations might be differentially influenced by microgravity being the symmetrical translocations significantly more represented.     

《开普敦公约》来到中国

作为一部关于承认在航空器机身、航空器发动机和直升机上的权利的国际公约，《开普敦公约》最初于三年前在八个国家开始实施，如今（截至2009年5月1日）已经在将近30个国家得以施行。     

美国轰炸机线路图

美国空军于1999年3月公布的新的轰炸机线路图制定了一套详细的现役轰炸机群升级计划，并对轰炸机在整个国家战略以及空军新的远征力量构成中的作用做了理论上的阐述。但线路图中缺少新型轰炸机的预算部分。不过，美空军已拥有的未来攻击机（FSA）方案将考虑诸如无人战斗飞行器、高超音速导弹以及其它技术的发展，确定可能成为未来10～15年远程先进打击替换系统技术基础的技术。文章对轰炸机线路图的内容、不足以及各方反应作了阐述。     

如何在太空中举办一场晚宴？

即使你已经连续看了这些脸好几个月，你想请人到“你的太空舱”做客，还是只有这些脸。而且必须是所有的……脸。不过。在空间站举办宴会也是有规矩的，要按照接待客人的礼仪接待他们。不能让他们觉得失礼。     

气动外形优化在大型跨音速飞机上的应用

戴姆勒．奔驰航宇公司研究并发展了商用运输机的机翼设计方案。该商用运输机比任何现行运输机要大得多。