行星际小推力轨道Lambert解及应用

 为提高行星际小推力转移轨道初始设计精度,提出了基于N次逆多项式逼近的半解析Lambert算法,并基于该算法发展了一种转移轨道初始设计方法。首先,采用N次逆多项式近似小推力轨道形状,应用推力方向假设和位置速度边界条件推导出部分系数及推力大小解析式。接着,分析了飞行时间约束和轨道动力学约束下解的存在性,并给出了关键系数的可行域。然后,利用探测器质量消耗方程建立了Lambert问题求解模型并加以解决。最后,基于所提Lambert算法,通过对连续推力约束进行降维,提出一种求解多圈非固定时间的行星际小推力转移轨道初始设计方法。分别以固定和非固定时间转移任务为例对所提Lambert算法和初始轨道设计方法进行了数学仿真,数值结果表明：相比传统6阶方法,所提Lambert算法在目标轨道半长轴为5 AU时可减少速度增量需求36.63%;所提初始设计方法与最优化方法设计结果接近,可为转移轨道的精确设计提供可行的设计初值。     

Z-pin增强复合材料层合板拉伸性能的试验研究及模拟分析

针对Z-pin增强复合材料层合板的拉伸性能进行了试验研究及模拟分析.拉伸试验研究了3种铺层方式的层合板:[0]6;[90]12;[45/0/-45/90]2S.模拟分析将根据引入Z-pin造成的复合材料层合板微观结构变化建立单胞模型来进行,通过调整单元材料坐标系的1方向来模拟Z-pin周边纤维偏转.通过试验研究和模拟分析得出了Z-pin对3种层合板拉伸强度的影响程度.研究表明Z-pin引入造成的面内纤维含量降低(由树脂富裕区引起)和纤维方向偏转(包括纤维面内偏转和厚度方向卷曲)是层合板拉伸性能降低的主要原因.通过模拟分析进一步得出:对于[0]6铺层层合板,Z-pin插入引起的纤维面内偏转是面内拉伸强度降低的主要因素;对于准各向同性层合板,Z-pin插入产生的树脂富裕区(降低了纤维含量)是面内拉伸强度降低的主要因素.     

三坐标测量机上自由型曲面的精确测量

提出自适应扫描测量法和自由型曲面的单有序测量方法,用双三次参数Ｂ样条和最小二乘法建立测头中心轨迹曲面的数学描述,实现测头半径的三维补偿和被测曲面的生成重建。测量步长自动选择,测量过程简便,曲面生成准确度高,适用于三坐标测量机上自由曲面的快速、精确测量和重建。     

叠氮聚氨酯弹性体(1)分子间作用力对力学性能的影响

研究了加强分子间作用力对提高叠氮聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。以 HDI三聚体为固化剂的 GAP聚叠氮缩水甘油醚弹性体的拉伸强度 /断裂伸长率为 0 .66MPa/ 1 2 7.2 %。 GAP与含强极性基团的叠氮聚醚 APP共混 ,弹性体的拉伸强度随 APP用量增加而增加。红外谱图显示 ,氢键作用越强 ,弹性体力学性能越好     

碳/碳销钉研究

碳纤维由混编,软编制成预制体,后经致密化制成C／C销钉复合材料,讨论了编织方法,复合工艺,界面,加工性等影响C／C销钉的因素,高压碳化沥青碳基体与碳纤维界面结合强;纤维体积分数对碳销钉的强度起决定性作用,软编C／C销钉可机加性好,带轴纱4向软编C／C销钉的纤维含量高,剪切强度高达63．7MPa。     

新一代铝合金化学铣切保护涂料的研制

本文采用新一代高分子材料———热塑性弹性体为基体材料,制备不同配方的铝合金化学铣切保护涂料。所进行的实验主要包括保护涂料的制备,自制保护涂料与国外铝合金化学铣切保护涂料的性能进行对比,即外观、粘度、固体含量、抗蚀性、浸蚀比、致密性、附着力和可剥性,并优化自行配制化铣保护涂料的配方。实验证明:研制的新一代铝合金化学铣切保护涂料基本达到美国同类产品的性能水平。     

浅谈民用大飞机结构技术的发展

 在分析了世界上先进的大型民机发展和研究计划后,分析和总结了大型民用飞机结构技术发展的总体趋势。介绍了用于先进大型飞机中选材、结构设计、先进的制造技术、机构强度分析、防雷击技术的现状和趋势。结论是复合材料将代替金属结构,而金属结构的设计、制造也将随之发展,以解决采用复合材料带来的新挑战;先进的数字化结构设计和仿真正代替传统的图纸设计。相应的分析和仿真工具如CFD等将应用到数字化设计中,在新型飞机设计中,将大大减少试验并改善质量;一些新概念的结构将广泛应用到飞机结构中,如智能材料结构在机翼上的应用,以改善空气动力、飞机的气动弹性控制和结构的健康监控。     

Compensation of base disturbance using optimal trajectory planning of dual-manipulators in a space robot

This paper presents a trajectory planning algorithm for a space robot with dual-manipulators. Here one manipulator of the space robot captures a target, and another manipulator is free. In this case, this study uses one manipulator as the mission manipulator to capture the target, and another as the balance manipulator aiming at the compensation of the pose disturbance. For this method, a novel trajectory planning algorithm applied to the balance manipulator is presented. The trajectory planning problem is transformed into series of problems of the optimal state solution, and then the iterative algorithms for the trajectory planning are designed. In the iterative algorithms, the bias force on the spacecraft base caused by the balance manipulator is used as the compensation force. Then, to calculate the expected compensation force and torque, a pose control law for the spacecraft base is introduced. The expected compensation force and torque provide equality constraints for optimization problems, which implies that the trajectory planning algorithm compensates for not only the disturbance generated by the manipulator’s motion, but also environmental disturbances. This is because the expected compensation force and torque depend on the pose change of the spacecraft base rather than the type of the disturbance. Numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the proposed trajectory planning method. It was observed that the method greatly reduces the disturbance of Manipulator A on the spacecraft base. These results validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for the trajectory planning to make the spacecraft base disturbance up to minimum.     

Mission planning optimization of video satellite for ground multi-object staring imaging

This study investigates the emergency scheduling problem of ground multi-object staring imaging for a single video satellite. In the proposed mission scenario, the ground objects require a specified duration of staring imaging by the video satellite. The planning horizon is not long, i.e., it is usually shorter than one orbit period. A binary decision variable and the imaging order are used as the design variables, and the total observation revenue combined with the influence of the total attitude maneuvering time is regarded as the optimization objective. Based on the constraints of the observation time windows, satellite attitude adjustment time, and satellite maneuverability, a constraint satisfaction mission planning model is established for ground object staring imaging by a single video satellite. Further, a modified ant colony optimization algorithm with tabu lists (Tabu-ACO) is designed to solve this problem. The proposed algorithm can fully exploit the intelligence and local search ability of ACO. Based on full consideration of the mission characteristics, the design of the tabu lists can reduce the search range of ACO and improve the algorithm efficiency significantly. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of optimization performance, and it can obtain satisfactory scheduling results for the mission planning problem.     

The use of MODIS 250 m bands to improve the MODIS 1 km ocean color atmospheric correction algorithm in turbid water

“Clear water” is a scale-dependent concept, so it is more likely to successfully find the “clear water” from images with smaller scale than that with larger scale data. In this study, an optimal spectral relationship of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m and 1 km resolution data at near-infrared bands (OSRLM) is constructed for converting pseudo “clear water” reflectance at 859 nm to those at 748 and 869 nm. According to scale effects, the satellite-observed pseudo “clear water” reflectance is greater than 5.18%, larger than that derived from OSRLM model. An atmospheric correction model for MODIS 1km data using pseudo “clear water” reflectance of MODIS 250 m data (ACMM) was developed for improving the performance of traditional “clear water” atmospheric correction model (CWAC). The model validation results indicate that ACMM model has a better performance than CWAC model. By comparison, the uncertainty decreases by 19.18% in the use of ACMM model over CWAC model for deriving water-leaving reflectance in Taihu Lake, China. This uncertainty is significantly reduced in water-leaving reflectance estimation due to partial removal of scale effects on “clear water”. These findings imply that satellite-derived aerosol scattering contribution at smaller scale usually has a better performance than that at larger scale.