Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的超塑性研究

Al-1.91Li-1.25Cu-0.46Mg-0.21Zr合金超塑性变形结果表明,最佳的时效工艺是400℃8h;冷轧工艺得到了比温轧(550％)更高的超塑性延伸率(630％);最佳超塑性变形工艺是T=500℃,(?)_i=3.33×10~(-3)s~(-1)(起始拉伸速度)。研究指出,Al-1.91Li-1.25Cu-0.46Mg-0.21Zr合金的超塑性预处理的时效工艺和轧制工艺影响了合金超塑变形初期的应变诱发再结晶,从而影响超塑性性能。超塑变形中的动态回变和动态再结晶是晶界滑动的重要协调机制之一。     

民机跨音速实验洞壁干扰修正方法

该洞壁干扰修正方法以实测的洞壁附近的压力分布作为边界条件;要求来流和洞壁附近的Ｍａｃｈ数都小于１;但允许模型附近出现局部超音速区和激波。它适用于各种透气壁或实壁实验段。应用该方法对国外三个模型的实验数据进行了洞壁干扰修正计算,修正结果与ＮＡＳＡ非线性洞壁干扰修正方法的结果十分接近或完全吻合。该方法已用于Ｂ７３７模型在１．２ｍ风洞中实验数据的洞壁干扰修正,其结果显示该方法适用于大展弦比飞机的跨音速风洞实验数据修正。     

激光引致水诱导空气击穿所获无约束流场演化过程的实验研究

流场演化过程是揭示激光推进机理的重要研究内容之一。利用纹影系统和PCO-HSFC 高速相机,首次拍摄了自来水诱导CO₂激光击穿空气产生的激波向空气和水中的演化过程。阐述了产生两次气蚀空穴的原因：初始时刻产生的空穴为激波作用于水面所致,第二次空穴出现在相机被触发后约8 μs 时,是激光烧蚀水蒸气作用于水面所形成的低压区。实验结果表明：击穿后流场向激光入射方向（空气中）演化较快,激波初速度较大,约为6 km/s;流场向水中演化相对较缓,激波初速度约为3.33 km/s。两者都服从指数衰减,分别在约73.368 μs 和41.649 μs 时衰减到声速。研究结果对于把水作为工质应用于激光推进有一定意义。     

基于Pareto遗传算法的复合材料机翼优化设计

针对某型飞机设计过程中遇到的副翼反效问题,提出了复合材料机翼满足气动弹性要求的优 化方法,构造了一种基于Pareto最优解定义的多目标遗传算法——Pareto遗传算法.该算法 以权重信息为基础建立Pareto解集过滤器,引入小生境技术等实现Pareto前沿面的求解.测 试函数计算表明该算法有较好的收敛性.以复合材料机翼的升力系数和滚转力矩系数为目标 函数,采用Pareto遗传算法进行计算得出一组Pareto最优解集,计算结果表明,给出的方案 能够满足工程需求,为决策者提供了多种可选方案.      

An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Some Martian Regolith Simulants with Respect to the Surface Properties at the InSight Mission Landing Site

In support of the InSight mission in which two instruments (the SEIS seismometer and the \(\mbox{HP}^{3}\) heat flow probe) will interact directly with the regolith on the surface of Mars, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on three different regolith simulants to better understand the observations of the physical and mechanical parameters that will be derived from InSight. The mechanical data obtained were also compared to data on terrestrial sands. The density of the regolith strongly influences its mechanical properties, as determined from the data on terrestrial sands. The elastoplastic compression volume changes were investigated through oedometer tests that also provided estimates of possible changes in density with depth. The results of direct shear tests provided values of friction angles that were compared with that of a terrestrial sand, and an extrapolation to lower density provided a friction angle compatible with that estimated from previous observations on the surface of Mars. The importance of the contracting/dilating shear volume changes of sands on the dynamic penetration of the mole was determined, with penetration facilitated by the \(\sim1.3~\mbox{Mg/m}^{3}\) density estimated at the landing site. Seismic velocities, measured by means of piezoelectric bender elements in triaxial specimens submitted to various isotropic confining stresses, show the importance of the confining stress, with lesser influence of density changes under compression. A power law relation of velocity as a function of confining stress with an exponent of 0.3 was identified from the tests, allowing an estimate of the surface seismic velocity of 150 m/s. The effect on the seismic velocity of a 10% proportion of rock in the regolith was also studied. These data will be compared with in situ data measured by InSight after landing.     

小角度晶界对DD5镍基单晶高温合金力学性能的影响

采用籽晶法制备了二代镍基单晶高温合金DD5小角度晶界试样,研究小角度晶界对DD5合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:在870℃中温拉伸中,晶界角度小于16.1°时,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度无明显变化;晶界角度小于11.4°时,伸长率维持在15%以上;晶界角度大于11.4°后,伸长率开始快速下降;在980℃/250 MPa持久条件下,当晶界角度小于5.1°时,持久寿命维持在140 h以上;当晶界角度大于5.1°时,持久寿命随晶界角度增大开始缓慢下降,至14.8°时,持久寿命仍保持为原来的85%;当晶界角度大于14.8°后持久寿命开始快速下降;在1093℃/158MPa持久条件下,当晶界角度小于5.1°时,持久寿命维持在30 h以上;当晶界角度大于5.1°时,持久寿命随晶界角度增大而下降。     

超声压气机叶型设计方法

在设计超声叶型时,为使得叶栅进口马赫数和气流角等于给定值,提出一种新的叶型参数化方法。该方法以经典唯一进气角计算方法为基础,将超声叶栅的唯一进气角和叶型几何形状关联起来,由进口马赫数和气流角确定吸力面进口段叶型;根据喉部面积、前后缘小圆半径、最大挠度和最大厚度等特征参数确定其他部分叶型。用此参数化方法设计了6个超声叶型,并用Fluent对设计结果进行了验证。结果表明,来流马赫数及进气角的设计值与Fluent求解结果基本一致,进气角最大误差仅为0.7°,进口马赫数最大误差仅为0.01;并且实现了多激波增压和减小激波损失等效果。     

航空发动机性能参数预测方法

航空发动机性能参数预测对于发动机的视情维修具有重要的意义.为了提高预测精度,在分析发动机性能参数数据特点的基础上,提出了一种新的应用于此领域的组合预测模型.首先利用小波变换将原始数据分解为不同尺度上的几组子序列,根据各子序列的特点分别选用自回归滑动平均(ARMA,Autoregressive Moving Average)模型或求和自回归滑动平均(ARIMA,Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)模型进行预测,然后将所有预测结果合成,得到最终预测结果.通过仿真实验,验证了该组合模型提高短期和中长期预测精度的有效性,并分析了小波分解层数对于预测精度的影响.      

A summary of the applications of a weighted average method determining times of solar cycle extrema

This paper is a summary of our recent researches on the applications of a weighted average method determining times of solar cycle extrema in the prediction of solar activity. Some correlation coefficients among the parameters in solar cycle according to this definition are higher than those according to the conventional definition. The descending time is found to be correlated (r = −0.77) with the ascending time 3 cycles earlier. The amplitude of solar cycle is found to be correlated (r = −0.77) with the max–max solar cycle length 2 cycles earlier. The ascending time is found to be correlated (r = −0.72) with the amplitude. A newly defined parameter called effective duration is found to be well correlated (r = 0.86) with the amplitude 5 cycles later. These correlations suggest that earlier cycles should influence later ones. The next (24th) solar cycle is estimated to start in March 2007 ± 7 months, reach its maximum in January 2011 ± 14 months, with a size of 150 ± 22, larger than those from some correlations according to the conventional definition.     

基于PMAC的板材渐进成形数控系统的开发与研究

开发一种基于PMAC运动控制卡的渐进成形数控系统,它具有很强的扩展性和移植性.介绍了该数控系统的软硬件结构,详述通过VC++6.0MFC开发数控系统上位机软件的方法.为了解决在高速加工复杂轨迹时容易出现的工件过切和机床异常振动的问题,引入了一种实时的进给速度前瞻控制方法.