3N+1猜想证明探索

本文介绍了3N+1猜想的背景及国内外研究概况,提出四个公理和一个引理,探索了五种证明猜想方法。     

一种点扫描形貌测量系统的现场标定方法

针对三角法点扫描形貌测量系统结构参数标定的非线性问题,提出并实现了一种简单易行的系统结构参数现场标定方法.利用二维靶标在测量空间内自由摆放,根据靶标上特征点及其像点间的位置关系,基于坐标系转换实现了点扫描形貌测量系统结构参数的精确标定.通过对平面及已知直径圆柱面进行测量,利用测量点到拟合平面或圆柱面的距离评价了系统标定的精度.所提标定方法无需精密调整靶标位置,具有较高的可靠性与实用性;也可用于其它基于三角法原理的三维形貌测量系统结构参数的标定.     

特殊复合球铰3-RPS并联机构及其连续刚度模型

采用矢量微分法研究了在大载荷作用下,兼顾支链和铰链刚度以及雅克比矩阵变化等影响因素的3-RPS并联机构完整连续刚度模型.基于螺旋理论分析了3-RPS并联机构支链及铰链构件所受作用力与机构外载荷之间的力平衡关系.采用矢量微分法分析了3-RPS并联机构动平台位姿变化与支链及铰链构件变形之间的关系.采用矢量微分法对机构的力学平衡方程进行微分,建立了完整的连续刚度模型,最后进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明并联机构刚度受载荷和位姿变化影响,简化刚度模型与完整刚度模型在工作空间边界处差值较大.     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of a desert cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. in response to UVB radiation

Cyanobacteria are capable of tolerating environmental extremes. To survive in extreme environments, cyanobacteria have developed the capability to adapt to a variety of stresses. For example, cyanobacteria have adopted a number of strategies with which to survive UV stress, including expression of UV-screening pigments and antioxidant systems. We have previously shown that several antioxidants are significantly expressed in Nostoc sp. by UVB irradiation. We report here that the content of UV-responsive biomarkers such as β-carotene and scytonemin can be easily detected by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy with use of a small sample size and that the content of β-carotene is dependant on the UVB intensity and exposure time. Our results indicate that Raman spectroscopy may be a helpful tool to analyze UV-protective molecules of cyanobacterium in astrobiological studies without access to large sample sizes and complicated extractions, which are needed by other analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.     

基于CFD/CSD的非线性气动弹性分析方法

提出了一种基于计算流体力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)的非线性气动弹性分析方法,并应用于切尖三角翼的非线性颤振和极限环振荡(LCO)研究。该方法将非线性有限元(FEM)和CFD计算相结合,并辅以高精度的界面插值,能够分析结构和气动非线性共存的气动弹性问题。结构部分以四边形平板壳元为基础,采用更新的拉格朗日(UL)方法分析结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题。气动部分以Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程作为控制方程,采用CFD方法计算跨声速气动力。机翼的非线性颤振计算表明了方法的有效性。最后应用该方法研究了切尖三角翼的LCO现象,其计算精度明显优于已有结果。     

月壤力学参数反求及试验验证

为了预测月球车的牵引特性并进行牵引控制,提出了一种基于线性最小二乘法的月壤力学参数估计算法,对内聚力和内摩擦角这两个关键的月壤力学参数进行反求.针对反映车轮土壤交互作用过程中轮刺效应的力学模型进行简化,建立了内聚力和内摩擦角的求解模型.将车轮与模拟月壤交互作用试验中的测量数据输入利用该算法编制的Matlab程序中,反求出模拟月壤的内聚力和内摩擦角,反求值与模拟月壤的实测值较为接近.试验验证结果表明该算法准确有效,且具有较好的稳定性和较快的运算速度,可用于月球车进行月壤力学参数的就位估计.      

载人航天器舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性试验与评估方法

载人航天器舱门快速检漏仪是载人航天器舱门及其对接机构对接面气密性检测的测试仪器。为了验证舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性指标水平,按照寿命型和计量型可靠性试验方法的基本思路,通过分析其功能、工作原理和主要故障模式,确定了可靠性特征量,提出了舱门快速检漏仪的可靠性验证试验方法,包括试验方法的选择、试验件状态、试验条件的确定、试验程序、故障判据及可靠性评估方法,并给出了评估结果。     

基于后推技术的绳驱动拟人肩关节动力学控制

针对并联式绳驱动机器人建模困难、控制复杂等问题,采用拉格朗日动力学建模方法,推导得到便于控制器设计的标准动力学方程,考虑绳驱动的冗余特性和绳索的单方向受力性,提出基于最小预紧力的张力分配算法,求解出各绳索的驱动力.针对机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计了基于后推技术的系统模型控制律.仿真结果表明:后推技术法在收敛速度方面明显优于计算力矩法,且各绳索的驱动力皆能满足其张紧所需的最小张力.     

基于波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法

文章提出了在离散区域上,基于起始点和目标点相向传播波碰撞法的机器人路径规划法。设机器人作业环境为二维平面大小一定的矩形地形,机器人行走时仅限于作原地转向或直线行走。基于此开展路径规划的仿真研究,提出了搜索许可路径的算法。计算机模拟结果证实该算法可行、有效。     

Characteristics of pulsed plasma synthetic jet and its control effect on supersonic flow

The plasma synthetic jet is a novel flow control approach which is currently being studied. In this paper its characteristic and control effect on supersonic flow is investigated both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the formation of plasma synthetic jet and its propagation velocity in quiescent air are recorded and calculated with time resolved schlieren method. The jet velocity is up to 100 m/s and no remarkable difference has been found after changing discharge parameters. When applied in Mach 2 supersonic flow, an obvious shockwave can be observed. In the modeling of electrical heating, the arc domain is not defined as an initial condition with fixed temperature or pressure, but a source term with time-varying input power density, which is expected to better describe the influence of heating process. Velocity variation with different heating efficiencies is presented and discussed and a peak velocity of 850 m/s is achieved in still air with heating power density of 5.0 · 1012W/m3. For more details on the interaction between plasma synthetic jet and supersonic flow, the plasma synthetic jet induced shockwave and the disturbances in the boundary layer are numerically researched. All the results have demonstrated the control authority of plasma synthetic jet onto supersonic flow.