权力制约：经典范式、内在逻辑与语境化

实质意义上的权力制约肇始于权力分化之后，历经以道德制约权力、以权力制约权力、以社会制约权力等经典范式，体现了权力制约活动从关注权力执掌者、权力本体到关注权力归属者不断演变的内在逻辑。植根于我国国情的权力制约实践在伦理学、社会学途径方面与西方存有共性，但于政治学途径却存有个性。实现我国权力制约的语境化既需要体现权力制约的普遍性规律，更需要把握马克思主义政治观视域下权力制约的特殊性。     

航天器电线电缆寿命预测模型研究

随着航天器复杂大系统的高速发展，以及器上电子产品的广泛应用，使得电线电缆大量应用于复杂系统之间的功率输送和信号控制。在航天器运行过程中，电线电缆由于受到空间布局限制，交叉重叠；同时受振动、温度、空间辐射等外部环境影响，致使电缆老化进而引发其他电气故障。介绍了基于可测特征参数的寿命模型建立方法，得出电缆剩余寿命的预计模型，开展航天器电线电缆老化机制以及寿命预测模型研究，最终实现航天装备电缆寿命预测的能力。     

扩大斜切式缓冲结构对时速400km铁路隧道口微气压波缓解研究

针对时速400?km高铁隧道口的微气压波研究,建立了基于三维可压缩非定常N?S方程和RNG?k-ε?双方程湍流模型的数值模拟方法,并通过动模型试验对计算方法进行了验证.文中分析了隧道长度、缓冲结构(带斜切的扩大段)长度和缓冲结构开孔数对微气压波的影响.研究结果表明:在一定隧道长度内,微气压波幅值随着隧道长度的增加逐渐增大;隧道口设置带斜切(30°)的等截面扩大段缓冲结构能有效缓解微气压波幅值,且随着缓冲结构的长度增加,微气压波幅值的缓解率先增大后减小,其中缓冲结构长88.56?m时缓解效果最佳,缓解率可达59.2％;该缓冲结构开孔后能进一步缓解微气压波幅值,缓冲结构开2个孔时的缓解效果最佳,缓解率可达70.9％.本文提出的缓冲结构能使得5?km及以下长度隧道的微气压波幅值达到国家规定标准,研究成果对时速400?km/h高速铁路隧道口缓冲结构的设计具有参考价值.     

适应拓扑变化的拥塞最小化网络更新策略

软件定义网络的出现推动了航空集群机载网络的发展，同时也为机载网络的一致性更新带来了挑战。针对拓扑变化导致的网络更新期间可用路径失效问题，提出适应拓扑变化的拥塞最小化网络更新策略。首先，为减少可用路径失效带来的数据包丢失，在更新之前采用重路由机制进行处理；然后，针对重路由机制可能引起的网络拥塞，设计了贪婪流迁移算法缓解拥塞；最后，通过瞬时拥塞最小化更新算法完成整个网络更新。仿真结果表明：与传统的拥塞一致性更新算法相比，所提更新策略用规则开销、瞬时网络拥塞方面的少量提高换取了网络更新期间数据包丢失的显著降低。     

Adaptive optimization methodology based on Kriging modeling and a trust region method

Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) is becoming increasingly popular since it can remarkably reduce the computational cost for design optimizations based on high-fidelity and expensive numerical analyses. However, for complicated optimization problems with a large design space, many design variables, and strong nonlinearity, SBO converges slowly and shows imperfection in local exploitation. This paper proposes a trust region method within the framework of an SBO process based on the Kriging model. In each refinement cycle, new samples are selected by a certain design of experiment method within a variable design space, which is sequentially updated by the trust region method. A multi-dimensional trust-region radius is proposed to improve the adaptability of the developed methodology. Further, the scale factor and the limit factor of the trust region are studied to evaluate their effects on the optimization process. Thereafter, different SBO methods using error-based exploration, prediction-based exploitation, refinement based on the expected improvement function, a hybrid refinement strategy, and the developed trust-region-based refinement are utilized in four analytical tests. Further, the developed optimization methodology is employed in the drag minimization of an RAE2822 airfoil. Results indicate that it has better robustness and local exploitation capability in comparison with those of other SBO methods.     

Experimental comparison between aircraft fuel tank inerting processes using NEA and MIG

Fuel tank inerting technologies are able to reduce the fire risk by injection of inert gas into the ullage or fuel, the former called ullage washing and the latter fuel scrubbing. The Green On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (GOBIGGS) is a novel technology based on flameless catalytic combustion, and owning to its simple structure and high inerting efficiency, it has received a lot of attentions. The inert gas in the GOBIGGS is mainly comprised of CO₂, N₂, and O₂ (hereinafter, Mixed Inert Gas (MIG)), while that in the On-Board Inert Gas Generation System (OBIGGS), which is one of the most widely used fuel tank inerting technologies, is Nitrogen-Enriched Air (NEA). The solubility of CO₂ is nearly 20 times higher than that of N₂ in jet fuels, so the inerting capability and performance are definitely disparate if the inert gas is selected as NEA or MIG. An inerting test bench was constructed to compare the inerting capabilities between NEA and MIG. Experimental results reveal that, if ullage washing is adopted, the variations of oxygen concentrations on the ullage and in the fuel are nearly identical no matter the inert gas is NEA or MIG. However, the ullage and dissolved oxygen concentrations of MIG scrubbing are always higher than those of NEA scrubbing.     

CET4听力测试对英语教学的反拨效应

反拨效应是指测试对其相应教学产生的影响。在借鉴国内外相关研究的基础上,以高职高专学生参加CET4为例,通过问卷调查研究受试者对四级听力的态度,以及四级听力对受试者学习策略和学习内容的反拨效应。     

直升机金属结构缺陷容限验证技术研究

直升机结构的缺陷容限验证在FAR／CCAR27／29．571条适航条款中有明确的要求。文章提出了全尺寸结构缺陷容限验证思路，对验证的各个环节，包含缺陷的类型及参数、缺陷容限特性曲线基本参数及安全系数、真实缺陷下载荷或应力的修正、结构的缺陷容限性能、检查周期的确定等进行了探讨，为开展直升机结构缺陷容限验证工作提供了技术支持。     

涡扇发动机空中减速过程转速预测

以某型涡扇发动机为研究对象,对其空中减速的试验数据进行深度挖掘,分析了减速过程中低压和高压转速的变化规律,得到该型发动机空中减速过程中转速的预测关系式,并对预测结果进行验证。结果表明,通过预测关系式计算所得结果与飞行试验数据吻合良好,可用作该型发动机空中减速过程的转速预测。     

虚拟电子工作台在电子技术实验教学中的应用

虚拟电子工作台（简称EWB）在电子技术实验教学中的应用是现代教育发展的一种趋势,文章介绍了EWB的主要性能和特点,以及电子技术虚拟实验的基本方法和Multisim 8的仿真实例,体现了EWB在电子技术实验中具有明显的优势。在传统教学实践的基础上利用虚拟电子工作台（EWB）仿真电子实验教学,是传统电子技术实验的补充和发展。