Low C/N_0 Carrier Tracking Loop Based on Optimal Estimation Algorithm in GPS Software Receivers

Suppressing jitter noises in a phase locked loop(PLL) is of great importance in order to keep precise and continuous track of global positioning system(GPS) signals characterized by low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0).This article proposes and analyzes an improved Kalman-filter-based PLL to process weak carrier signals in GPS software receivers.After reviewing the optimal-bandwidth-based traditional second-order PLL,a Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithm is implemented for the new PLL by decorrelating the model error noises and the measurement noises.Finally,the efficiency of this new Kalman-filter-based PLL is verified by experimental data.Compared to the traditional second-order PLL,this new PLL is in position to make correct estimation of the carrier phase differences and Doppler shifts with less overshoots and noise disturbances and keeps an effective check on the disturbances out of jitter noises in PLL.The results show that during processing normal signals,this improved PLL reduces the standard deviation from 0.010 69 cycle to 0.007 63 cycle,and for weak signal processing,the phase jitter range and the Doppler shifts can be controlled within ±17° and ±5Hz as against ±25° and ±15 Hz by the traditional PLL.     

中国模具工业的发展及现状——第十三届中国国际模具技术与设备展览会形势分析

作为制造业的一个重要领域,模具的技术水平已经成为衡量一个国家制造业水平的重要标志,并在不断发展中前行。在2010年中国国际模具技术与设备展览会即将到来之际,无论金融危机的浪潮是否已经安然度过,中国模具工业都将迎来新的发展契机。     

两种静弹修正方法的对比

本文针对工程应用的实际情况,采用线化理论和非线化理论对同一模型进行了静气动弹性计算,并对不同马赫数、不同高度的刚弹性计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,低速时可忽略弹性变形对气动力的影响,而高速时必须考虑弹性变形对气动力的影响,在工程应用初期,可用线化理论对非线性段气动力进行静弹修正,虽然精度有所降低,但效率却大大提高,在后期可用非线化理论进行校核计算。     

Erosion of a Polyimide Material Exposed to Simulated Atomic Oxygen Environment

Oxygen plasma source generated by thermal cathode filament discharge has been used to study the erosion process of polyimide (PI) materials in atomic oxygen (AO) environment, and their mass loss, surface morphology and surface chemical compositions have been examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to incremental AO flux. The data indicate that the physical adsorption of AO at the samples' surface results in the increase of oxygen concentration when polyimide is exposed to AO flux. Then selective chemical reactions of groups of polyimide materials with AO yield volatile organic compounds, sample mass loss is on linear increase and carpet-like surface morphology forms. In the initial exposure to AO, the reaction occurs mainly between AO and carbon in specific location of aromatic ring, then the reaction rate of C=O groups gradually increases. After AO exposure, the oxygen concentration increases while nitrogen and carbon concentration decreases. Reaction rate of groups containing nitrogen is slower compared with carbon and oxygen.     

电火花线切割加工中放电间隙电压变化特性

电火花线切割加工时工具(电极丝)和工件之间的放电电压是对放电加工过程进行实时检测的重要参数.本文在理论分析的基础上,采用正交试验设计,应用极差分析法和方差分析法定量研究了高速走丝电火花线切割加工中放电间隙电压量的变化特性与加工中峰值电流、工件厚度及切割方向之间的关系.研究的结果为准确检测高速走丝电火花线切割加工状态提供了依据.     

推力矢量飞机的起飞性能研究

简述推力矢量技术的作用,建立了带三轴推力矢量飞机的起飞滑跑段运动方程,通过数值仿真探讨了推力矢量的偏转大小对起飞性能的影响,对不同推力矢量偏转下飞机起飞性能的仿真计算结果进行了分析。仿真结果表明,采用直接力控制可以明显提高飞机的起飞性能。     

地面系留对直升机动力响应的影响

 建立了系留状态下直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性动力学模型,无铰旋翼简化为当量铰刚性桨叶模型,假定机体是刚性体并受起落架和系留索的约束,系留索静态时松弛并只能承受拉力。采用数值仿真研究了系留对模型旋翼地面共振的影响,对初始扰动和旋翼转速对系统动力学行为的影响也进行了仿真研究。对于无系留的模型旋翼来说,在任何转速下没有出现不稳定现象;地面系留时系统会呈现稳定响应、极限环以及大幅值振荡等非线性动力学行为,大幅值振荡将使系留索、接头和支持结构承受破坏性动力载荷。     

D-最优试验设计在动力调谐陀螺测试中的应用

 为了提高动力调谐陀螺的静态漂移误差测试精度,针对简化静态漂移误差模型,并且考虑陀螺安装角误差的影响,依据D-最优试验设计理论以及正交设计的均匀分散性试验设计思路,设计了一种满足D-最优性质的正交八位置试验方案,并在整个正交空间内采用全局搜索的方法验证了其D-最优性。在相同试验环境下,采用力反馈位置试验法,以全正交空间预测误差平方和最小为评价准则,对该八位置试验方案和国军标GJB1183—91中的八位置试验方案进行比较与评价,试验结果表明该八位置试验方案优于国军标GJB1183—91中八位置试验方案。     

直径比对冲击气膜组合冷却流动与换热的影响

 通过数值模拟,研究了涡轮叶片弦中区所采用的新型双层腔冷却结构的冷却特性,系统分析了冲击气膜组合冷却的流动与换热特性,讨论了冷气进口雷诺数Re、吹风比M以及气膜孔与冲击孔的直径比D/d对组合冷却效果的影响。计算参数范围是：冷气进口雷诺数Re＝2 000～5 000,吹风比M＝0.6～2.0。计算结果表明, 冷气进口Re,M以及D/d对双层腔结构冷却效果的影响非常明显,在计算范围内:（1）Re和M越高,冷却效果越好;（2）当冲击孔直径一定时,增加气膜孔的直径,冷却效果会随之增加;（3）当冲击孔直径一定时,增加气膜孔的直径,流阻系数会随之减小。