高原气象特点与航空气象保障的对策

天气对飞行的影响在航空界从来都是不可忽视的问题，特别是高原天气对航空的影响更为突出。飞行流量越大，天气对飞行的影响就越突出，飞行流量越大，航空公司对气象服务的需求、依赖性越强。预报准确率的提高将减少航班的返航、备降等不正常情况，给航空公司带来不可忽视的经济效益。飞行流量正逐年增大已是不争的事实，因此，加强高原机场航空气象的研究，做好航空气象服务保障工作将是我们面临的现实课题和长期而艰巨的任务。     

挠性卫星姿态解藕控制器多变量频率域设计方法

针对具有不对称挠性附件卫星的姿态控制，采用改进的鲁棒逆Nyquist阵列方法进行姿态解藕控制器设计。首先建立了挠性卫星姿态运动的简化模型，模型采用逆传递函数矩阵的形式，并且考虑了不确定项。然后对传统的鲁棒逆Nyquist阵列方法改进，使之保守性更小。利用此方法设计了卫星姿态解藕控制器，此控制器能够实现不同通道的解耦，并且对模型误差具有较好的鲁棒性，易于工程实现。仿真给出了设计过程，并验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于误差四元数的飞行器姿态跟踪系统的滑模控制器

对于参数不确定和外部扰动的空间飞行器姿态跟踪系统，本文提出了采用滑模控制的方法。利用误差四元数建立数学模型，选择了一类线性滑动流形，并且基于李雅普诺夫函数推导出滑模控制律。理论分析及仿真结果表明，本文所求控制律对空间飞行器跟踪系统具有全局稳定性和鲁棒性。     

关于二元风洞侧壁抽气的讨论

本文研究了二元风洞侧壁抽气问题。文[1]曾考虑了抽气对风洞内无粘主流和有粘边界层的双重作用。本文研究则进一步包含了侧壁开孔率和开孔方向的影响,更为全面地描述了有侧壁抽气时风洞内的流动,并从理论上探讨了消除侧壁干扰的抽气控制问题。     

影响双节套筒式延伸喷管展开时间的主要因素

分析了重力、惯性力、有效动作力、延伸长度对延伸喷管展开时间的影响。其计算结果对套筒式延伸喷管的设计及展开时间预估有指导作用。     

后掠翼上层流边界层的稳定性和转捩准则

自然层流机翼是最简单而有效的减阻技术。本文结合作者新近的工作,着重论述了后掠翼上自然层流边界层转捩的估算方法和转捩准则的选择并讨论了压力分布对转捩的影响。最后还提出了若干建议供读者参考。     

风洞磁悬挂天平系统的数字控制

本文阐述了风洞磁悬挂天平系统数字控制器的工作原理、软硬件补偿及其配套的测量系统,并分析了数字控制器的特性及其与模拟控制器的本质区别。     

1553B总线接口单元构成的研究

分析了超大规模集成电路(VLSI)专用芯片COM1553 B的功能和接口信号,并论述用COM1553 B设计总线接口单元(BIU)的方法。给出结构框图和直接存储器存取(DMA)方式交换信息的设计思想。按此方法设计的BIU,具有通用性好、可靠性高和良好的软件接口的特点。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

Long term changes of altimeter range and geophysical corrections at altimetry calibration sites

Accurate sea level trend determination is fundamentally related to calibration of both the instrument as well as to investigate if there are linear trends in the set of standard geophysical and range corrections applied to the sea level observations. Long term changes in range corrections can leak into the observed sea level record and be interpreted as part of the sea level trend. Particularly if these exhibit anomalous trend close to the satellite calibration sites.