静子开缝高度对高负荷两级风扇性能的影响

为了研究静子开缝高度对高负荷风扇性能的影响,根据风扇的流动特点,设计了在第二级静子叶根处开缝的流动控制方案,并提出了多种不同缝隙高度的静子开缝方案,通过计算对采取各种方案下的流场进行了分析。研究表明,缝隙射流可阻断静子吸力面气流的径向流动,吹除缝隙出口后的低速气流,从而达到扩稳的目的,设计转速下方案A的风扇稳定工作范围扩大了7.1%;在不同工况下静子开缝对角区气流分离和流动损失均有一定的控制效果,而在堵塞工况下,由于静子通道内流动分离较小,开缝射流的优点没有得到充分体现;在所研究的范围内,当开缝高度较低时,缝隙射流对角区分离和流动损失的控制能力较弱,而开缝高度的增加对控制叶根角区气流分离有利,对控制较大叶高处吸力面的气流分离不利。     

TC4钛合金筒形件热校形仿真分析

TC4钛合金筒形件室温弯曲成型后内应力大、回弹严重,难以达到工件要求的尺寸精度.采用热校形的方法可以消除工件内部残余应力,提高尺寸精度,热校形温度、保温时间和工件初始残余应力是影响热校形精度的重要工艺参数.通过建立筒形件热校形的顺序热力耦合有限元模型,分析了校形工艺参数对工件校形后残余应力和尺寸精度的影响,得出了筒形件...     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

惠斯通电桥式压力传感器温度补偿电路设计

基于惠斯通电桥式压力传感器桥阻随温度变化的特性,电路设计通过利用桥阻随温度变化、桥路电压也随之改变的特性,完成对压力传感器的温度补偿。针对压力传感器灵敏度正温度系数-零位正温度系数、灵敏度正温度系数-零位负温度系数、灵敏度负温度系数-零位正温度系数、灵敏度负温度系数-零位负温度系数这四种情况进行补偿电路设计,并对传感器灵敏度温度补偿部分电路进行公式推导,选择合适的电路参数。计算结果表明,电路补偿达到理想效果。     

Robust three-dimensional path-following control for an under-actuated stratospheric airship

This paper proposes a robust three-dimensional (3-D) path-following controller for an under-actuated stratospheric airship in the presence of uncertainties. The resultant control system exhibits an inner-outer loop control structure. In the outer control loop, the path-following error dynamics is constructed in a moving Serret-Frenet frame and a new guidance law with the sideslip and attack angle compensation is designed, which decreases the path-following steady-state error. In the inner control loop, a disturbance observer based backstepping control law is proposed to achieve the desired dynamic behavior on the path. Furthermore, a new velocity tracking control strategy is developed which aligns the resultant velocity tangent to the path. Finally, numerical simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

基于机器视觉的万用表数字识别技术研究

为提高手持式数字万用表校准系统的自动化水平，本文通过研究图像灰度阈值法、传统方法的目标分类和深度学习三种不同类型的字符识别技术，提出了两种基于机器视觉的数字识别方案。测试结果显示，两种方案的字符识别准确率均可达到99.8%，但其在硬件资源占比、编程难易程度上二者还存在显著差异。该机器视觉字符识别功能的成功开发与应用，可为更多无程控通信接口的计量测试设备，及一些不适于人工作业的危险计量工作环境进行类似的数字识别提供借鉴。     

地基光学图像中本体-帆板结构航天器姿态估计方法

提出一种利用地基光学图像估计空间目标姿态的方法。针对本体-帆板结构航天器外形结构特点，定义了一种不易遮挡的两轴结构特征，设计了地基光学图像中该特征的提取方法；根据航天器成像过程建立了特征点二三维几何投影方程，实现了航天器三维姿态的解算。利用单站序列图像，可获得航天器姿态变化角速度信息。在轨航天器的试验结果表明，本方法能有效地从地基光学图像估计出航天器姿态。     

Comparison of RO tropopause height based on different tropopause determination methods

The tropopause is an important boundary in the Earth’s atmosphere, and has been the subject of close attention from atmosphere and climate researchers. To monitor the global tropopause using radio occultation (RO) data, there are two primary methods, one is the widely used temperature lapse rate method, and the other is the bending angle covariance transform method which is unique to RO data. We use FengYun3-C (FY3C) and Meteorological Operational Satellite Program (MetOp) RO data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis data to determine differences in RO tropopause height calculated by these two methods. We compute biases of the RO lapse rate tropopause height (LRTH) and the RO bending angle tropopause height (BATH) relative to the ECMWF LRTH. The dependences of the tropopause height biases on tropopause height (TPH) retrieval method, latitude, season and RO mission are investigated. The results indicate that BATH show a consistent 0.8–1.2 km positive bias over the tropics and high latitude regions compared with LRTH, however, over 25° to 40° latitude in both hemisphere, BATH results are less stable. Furthermore, the mean bias between BATH and LRTH displayed a different symmetrical characteristic from 2017.12 to 2018.2 (DJF) compared to 2018.6–2018.8 (JJA). However, except for some bias over Antarctica, the mean value of both LRTH and BATH show a similar tropopause variation, indicating the consistency of both methods.     

Long-term time-varying characteristics of UPD products generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP

The quality and availability of Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) solutions are crucial to the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service, and the long-term temporal variability and its contributing factors should be better understood. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the long-term time-varying characteristics of each UPD product respectively generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP-AR (ambiguity resolution), the sampling of the WL and NL UPDs are daily and 30 s, respectively. Firstly, in terms of our 30 day Wide-Lane (WL) UPD products of 31 satellites, the Standard Deviation (STD) of each satellite WL UPDs ranges from 0.04 to 0.06 cycles, indicating that the long-term prediction accuracy of satellite WL UPD is sufficient for fixing Wide-Lane ambiguities. Secondly, when a satellite in eclipsing the discontinulity may corrupt the determination of Narrow-Lane (NL) UPD in form of offset, as a result of lacking or poor satellite attitude dynamic modeling. When the influence of discontinuity is removed, the STD of our estimated satellite NL UPDs is less than 0.05 cycles. Thirdly, the STD of our estimated receiver WL UPDs is mainly below 0.2 cycles, which implies that its stability is one order poorer that of the satellite. In addition, if they are used for stations in and around the network covered region, the stability of the UPD products from the CMONOC (Crustal Movement Observation Network of China) is better than that from a global network, benefit from the fact that all the CMONOC stations are equipped with the same receiver type. Finally, the PPP-AR results show that a rate of 82.9% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 69.5% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80% can be achieved when using UPD from the global network, which is worse than that of using UPD from the CMONOC (85.7% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 75% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80%). The results of the experiment on the UPD interoperable application in PPP show that the global network UPD products can provide a fast AR at any single station, and the convergence time is well below 25 min. Particularly, when the location of a station is in and around the regional network, our results show that the PPP results obtained using regional UPDs enable the consistent use of global UPDs. When the location of a station is far away from the regional network, using the regional UPDs can not achieve PPP-AR. Finally, the WL UPDs of the previous day is used for forecasting to estimate the NL UPDs, the stability analysis results of NL UPDs solution and positioning results are demonstrate the validity of forecasted UPD products.     

Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Secondary lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted extensive attention due to their high energy density,low cost and environment friendly.However,the"shuttle effect"of polysulfides dissolved in liquid electrolytes leads to a decrease of the cell Coulomb efficiency(CE).Therefore,researchers have used solid electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes and separators to suppress the"shuttle effect"of polysulfides and the growth of lithium dendrites.The progress in electrolytes for solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries including solid-state polymer,inorganic,and composite electrolytes to solve the issues is summarized.