1990年中国返回式卫星的微重力水平监测

叙述了1990年中国返回式卫星采用的微重力测量系统概况、微重力测量数据的处理方法、微重力测量结果与分折。指出:这是国内首次空间微重力水平监测;研制的JS05-1A 微重力测量仪动态精度优于4μg,响应时间6ms,达到了国际同类仪器的先进水平;该仪器为指导优化空间晶体生长的微重力环境及了解卫星工作状况提供了有力手段。通过对该卫星微重力水平监测所获得的73505对数据进行分折,发现有效载荷动作是影响卫星微重力水平的主要因素,为10~(-4)g 量级;有效载荷不动作时,除1.23%的时间存在10~(-4)g量级不明干扰外,有97.6%的时间微重力的绝对值小于4×10~(-5)g,仅O.3%的时间在10~(-4)g 量级。     

3点逐步r型自适应网格算法

为了根据某个流场参数梯度较合理地分布网格同时又不增加网格点的数量,提出一种基以总变差为基础的r型3点逐步自适应网格算法,通过3点逐步调整网格点的位置以减小网格线的扭曲,生成质量较好的计算网格.以绕二维圆柱和三维双椭球的超声速流动为算例,用Euler方程模拟,以流场的压力总变差来进行自适应,通过分别用所提出的自适应方法生成的自适应网格与用原始网格计算所得的流场结果对比,计算结果表明,用自适应网格计算所得的激波比用初始网格计算所得的激波薄,采用自适应方法所计算出的流场数值解具有更高的分辨率.      

航天运载器磁悬浮助推发射关键技术

以航天运输为背景,研究了磁悬浮助推发射的磁悬浮、直线电机、空气动力影响和运载器分离发射等关键技术问题.通过磁悬浮系统比较,确定高温超导体EDS(Electrodynamic Suspension)系统是适合的磁悬浮技术方案,在单元静、动态实验测试基础上,研究其基本静态悬浮导向性能和刚度、阻尼特性,并建立缩比研究试验平台以评估磁悬浮系统的综合性能.通过分析2种直线电机类型及优缺点,确定双边感应直线电机是适合磁悬浮发射系统的一种直线电机加速方式,并确定脉冲磁流体发电的能量供给方案.通过磁悬浮发射空气动力影响分析,优化设计磁悬浮发射装置气动外形和气动布局,得出其基本气动特性,并提出利于实现系统俯仰力矩平衡的气动翼控制方案.研究了运载器同时滑离导轨式定向器分离发射方案,并通过动静法计算分析得出运载器从定向器滑轨上成功分离所需具备的基本动力学参数.      

一种基于窄带雷达的低轨空间目标识别方法

通过分析低轨空间目标的姿态运动对窄带回波脉冲数据的调制,表明低轨空间目标窄带回波脉冲数据信号的相位比幅度包含了更多的目标特征信息。采用小波分析从实测窄带相参回波特性数据的相位中,估计低轨空间目标的整体运动趋势,判别低轨空间目标的粗略类型,并通过大量实测数据的实验结果验证了该方法判别低轨空间目标粗略类型的有效性。     

栅格翼展开等效试验方法研究

为了在运载器真实飞行前对栅格翼展开过程和系统力学性能进行考核,针对现有模拟试验方法不能有效模拟飞行工况栅格翼在气动力作用下展开过程及该过程对壳体和栅格翼的冲击的问题提出了一种等效试验方法,试验结果表明具有很好的可行性和有效性,为后续类似试验提供了有益的参考。     

多斜孔火焰筒壁冷却结构的数值模拟

通过数值模拟对多斜孔火焰筒冷却结构平板模型进行了研究,重点探讨了吹风比、孔斜角、孔阵排列方式、复合角和孔结构对壁面绝热温比的影响规律.结果表明:吹风比和孔斜角的大小对斜孔板的冷却效果有较大的影响,吹风比越大和孔斜角越小,冷却效果越好;孔阵的排列方式对冷却效果有一定的影响,长菱形分布优于正菱形分布;而孔偏角的引入则对冷却不利;与普通圆柱型斜孔相比,所提出的缩扩型斜孔在较低的吹风比下有利于改善冷却效果,而在大吹风比下则对冷却不利.      

航空泵试验台驱动变结构控制

飞机液压系统泵源需进行地面试验,采用变频调速器＋异步电机＋增速箱的驱动形式是航空泵进行地面试验最先进有效的方法之一.建立了矢量控制变频调速驱动下航空泵试验台驱动系统的数学模型,针对航空泵试验时由于负载变化泵转速不能保持恒定的问题,采用积分滑模面的滑模变结构控制策略,并构造Lyapunov函数证明其稳定性.为降低输出抖振现象,提出采用模糊控制监督下的滑模变结构控制和伪微分反馈(PDF, Pseudo Derivative Feedback)控制相结合的控制策略,仿真及实验结果表明,该控制方法有很高的控制精度,在保持滑模变结构控制鲁棒性强的前提下降低了输出抖振现象.      

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.